论湿地行政处罚裁量基准的构建  

On the Development of Discretion Benchmark for Wetland Administrative Penalty

作　　者：张天姿 ZHANG Tian-zi(Hohai University,School of Law,Nanjing 211100,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学法学院,江苏南京211100

出　　处：《湿地科学与管理》2024年第6期2-6,共5页Wetland Science & Management

摘　　要：行政处罚是应对破坏湿地违法行为的重要法律手段。行政处罚裁量权适用过程中面临着滥用的风险,湿地保护管理涉及多个行政部门易造成处罚标准不一。行政处罚裁量基准是约束行政处罚裁量权的有效工具。然而,环境行政处罚裁量基准不能满足湿地保护的专业化需要,现有湿地行政处罚裁量基准面临着制定主体不一、表现形式混乱、适用机械僵化的问题。构建湿地行政处罚裁量基准有裁量基准理论、法律政策、湿地保护实践经验作为基础。在湿地保护领域构建行政处罚裁量基准具备合理性、必要性和可行性,应从明确制定主体、完善内容形式、规范制定程序、设置逸脱条款和引入动态调整入手,系统性构建湿地行政处罚裁量基准。Administrative penalty is an important legal means to deal with illegal activities that damage wetlands.The application of administrative penalty discretion is faced with the risk of abuse.Wetland conservation management involves multiple administrative departments,which can easily lead to inconsistent punishment standards.The administrative penalty discretion benchmark is an effective tool to constrain the administrative penalty discretion.However,the environmental administrative penalty discretion benchmark cannot meet the specialized needs of wetland conservation.The existing wetland administrative penalty discretion benchmarks are confronted with problems such as different formulation subjects,confused manifestations,and rigid application.The development of wetland administrative penalty discretion benchmark is based on the theory of discretion benchmark,legal policy and wetland protection practical experience.It is reasonable,necessary and feasible to develop administrative penalty discretion benchmark in the field of wetland conservation.Only by clarifying the formulation subject,improving the content and form,standardizing the formulation procedure,setting up escape clause and introducing dynamic adjustment can the wetland administrative penalty discretion benchmark be developed systematically.

关 键 词：湿地保护 行政处罚 裁量基准 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]