2000—2020年中国湿地变化趋势及其与农田之间的面积转化  

The Variation Tendency of Wetland and its Conversion with Cropland in China from 2000 to 2020

作　　者：刘魏魏[1,2] 张曼胤 崔丽娟[3] 王金枝 LIU Wei-wei;ZHANG Man-yin;CUI Li-juan;WANG Jin-zhi(Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration,Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China;National Ecosystem Research Station of Hengshui Lake Wetland,Hengshui 053000,Hebei,China;Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所,湿地生态功能与恢复北京市重点实验室,北京100091 [2]河北衡水湖湿地生态系统定位观测研究站,河北衡水053000 [3]中国林业科学研究院,北京100091

出　　处：《湿地科学与管理》2024年第6期31-36,共6页Wetland Science & Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72104236);中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资助(CAFYBB2023MB018)。

摘　　要：为探究湿地和农田转化对全国湿地面积的影响,本研究利用2000年、2010年和2020年3期土地利用数据,采用土地利用动态度和土地利用转移矩阵方法,分析了过去20年中国湿地面积的变化、分布状况。结果表明:1)2020年中国湿地面积为34.17万km^(2),其中沼泽湿地面积最大。中国56%~57%的湿地分布在西藏、青海、黑龙江和内蒙古;2)2000—2020年,中国湿地面积净增加5600 km^(2),其中,湿地和农田之间的转化使湿地面积净增加1 500 km^(2),贡献了全国湿地面积增加的27.48%。20年间人工/库塘湿地增加最多,达7800 km^(2),其中,由农田退耕为湿地占人工/库塘湿地面积增加的54.78%;沼泽湿地减少最多,为3300 km^(2),沼泽湿地开垦为农田占沼泽湿地面积减少的89.99%;3)湿地围垦以沼泽湿地转化为农田为主,2000—2020年中国42.57%的沼泽湿地转化为农田,集中在东北地区;农田退耕以农田转化为人工/库塘湿地为主。湿地恢复使中国湿地面积整体增加,但沼泽等具有较高生态功能的天然湿地大面积丧失。To explore the impact of conversions between wetland and cropland on the wetland area of China,we analyzed the changes and distribution of wetland areas in China over the past 20 years by employing method of land use dynamic attitude,based on the land use data of 2000,2010,and 2020 in China.Then,we examined the impacts of conversions between wetlands and croplands on the overall wetland area changes by using land use transfer matrix.The results showed as follows:1)In 2020,the wetland area of China was 34.17×10^(4) km^(2),and the marshland area was the largest.Approximately 56%~57%of the national wetlands were located in Tibet,Qinghai,Heilongjiang,and Inner Mongolia.2)From 2000 to 2020,the area of wetlands in China net increased by 5600 km^(2),among which the conversions between wetland and cropland resulting in a net increase of 1500 km^(2),contributing 27.48%to the total increase in wetland area.In the past 20 years,the largest increase in artificial/pond wetlands was 7800 km^(2),among of 54.78%attributed to the conversion from cropland to wetland.Conversely,the largest decrease was in marshlands,totaling 3300 km^(2),with 89.99%due to the conversion from wetland to cropland.3)Additionally,the conversion of wetlands into croplands was primarily marshland reclamation,with 42.57%concentrated in northeast China from 2000 to 2020.On the other hand,the conversion of cropland into wetlands mainly involved transforming them into artificial/pond wetlands.Wetland restoration efforts have expanded the total wetland area in China,while they have also resulted in the depletion of extensive natural wetlands with significant ecological functions,such as marshlands.

关 键 词：中国湿地 面积变化趋势 分布格局 湿地与农田转化 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]