微(纳米)塑料和抗生素对水生动物的联合毒性效应  

The Combined Toxic Effects of Micro(nano)plastics and Antibiotics to Aquatic Animals

作　　者：褚菁苒 邓一深 于政达 CHU Jing-ran;DENG Yi-shen;YU Zheng-da(Qingdao University School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《湿地科学与管理》2024年第6期59-64,70,共7页Wetland Science & Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32101302);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2019BD065)。

摘　　要：微(纳米)塑料和抗生素广泛分布于自然环境与水生动物体内,二者通过多种相互作用机制结合,引发的联合毒性效应已成为近年来的研究热点。本研究基于二者的生态毒性,聚焦生物组织损伤、代谢/解毒过程、神经损伤、肠道微生物以及生物潜在长期影响,通过分析暴露时间、暴露浓度、微(纳米)塑料对抗生素的吸附脱附、体内残留及净化时间以及污染物自身特征及降解程度等因素对联合毒性效应的影响,阐明了联合暴露导致抗生素赋存增加/减少的因素。联合暴露通过扰乱内稳态、干扰解毒和代谢过程、改变免疫防御性能产生协同作用,通过降低抗生素在体内的蓄积和缓解神经毒性产生拮抗作用,但拮抗/协同效应会因暴露方式、微塑料和/或抗生素种类等因素发生改变。当前对微(纳米)塑料和抗生素联合暴露的毒性效应认识仍存在诸多局限,今后可通过自然生境模拟、原位培养等方式进一步开展实验,对微(纳米)塑料和抗生素的联合毒性效应及其降解机制进行完善。Widely distributed micro(nano)plastics and antibiotics in aquatic ecosystems and organisms can be combined through a variety of interaction mechanisms.The combined toxic effects of micro(nano)plastics and antibiotics have become one of the hotspots currently.In this study,the ecotoxicity of the two pollutants was summarized by focusing on the tissue and nerve damage,metabolism,detoxification,intestinal microbiome,and potential long-term impacts.The antibiotics bioaccumulation factors were clarified by analyzing the exposure time,concentration,the adsorption/desorption of micro(nano)plastics to antibiotics,the retention and depuration time,as well as the pollutants characteristics and their degradation contents.The combined exposure induces synergistic effects by disturbing the homeostasis and the process of detoxification and metabolism,altering the immune defense performance while the reduction of the antibiotics bioaccumulation and the alleviation of the neurotoxicity links with antagonistic effects.However,the antagonistic/synergistic effects which regulated by the mode of exposure and the types of micro(nano)plastics and/or antibiotics may not be consistent.There are still cognitive limitations in understanding the combined toxic effects of micro(nano)plastics and antibiotics.In the future,the research of the combined toxic effects and degradation mechanisms of micro(nano)plastics and antibiotics are still needed to be optimized by using the simulation of natural habitats,the in situ cultivation methods and other cutting-edge ways.

关 键 词：微(纳米)塑料 抗生素 水生动物 生态毒性 联合暴露 

分 类 号：X503.225[环境科学与工程—环境工程]