基层治理转型背景下农民软性不合作困境生成逻辑及其应对  

The Generative Logic of Farmers’Soft Non-cooperation Dilemma and Its Response in the Context of Grassroots Governance Transformation

作　　者：吴欢欢 WU Huanhuan

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《深圳社会科学》2025年第1期86-96,共11页Social Sciences in Shenzhen

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“农村社区治理创新问题研究”(22ZD173)。

摘　　要：伴随乡村治理转型,乡村社会产生了以农民软性不合作行为为表征的资源下乡内卷化现象。不同于税费改革前国家与农民之间的张力关系,也不同于税费改革初期出现的少数边缘群体的利益博弈问题,当前阶段的软性不合作行为具有主体扩大化、资源伴生性、非正义的合法化等特征,其是在整个乡村社会逐渐被国家体制所吸纳的背景下产生的。乡村社会被整合进国家的整体发展目标,并配以大量的治理资源和规范化的体制建设。由此,国家与农民之间的互动关系更加直接,但也因此产生了国家治理挤压基层治理的意外后果。一方面,国家的直接介入意外带来了农民的动员缺位问题,在需求、责任和价值层面对农民形成主体替代效应,农民的获得感更低而利益依赖心理更强;另一方面,直接的规则之治带来了村庄社会的去政治化后果,使得国家和社会对边缘群体进行治理的例外化机制缺失,边缘群体的不合作行为对大部分农民形成负面示范效应。最终,村庄社会被搅动起来,产生了国家资源输入越多,农民的软性不合作行为越凸显的悖论性困境。重新厘清治理现代化的完整内涵,明晰国家治理和基层治理的逻辑异同,并回归基层治理的规范性与有效性相平衡的本意,是纾解新时期治理内卷问题的可行之道。Along with the transformation of rural governance,the phenomenon of the involution of resources to the countryside,characterized by farmers’soft non-cooperative behaviours has arisen.These non-cooperative behaviors are characterized by the expansion of subjects,the concomitant nature of resources,and the legitimization of injustice.It arises in the context of the gradual absorption of the entire rural society into the state system.Rural society is integrated into the overall development goals of the state,and is matched with substantial governance resources and standardized institution-building.As a result,the interaction between the state and the peasants has become more direct,but it also has the unintended consequence of state governance squeezing out grassroots governance.The substitution of peasant subjectivity and the absence of exceptionalization mechanisms to face marginalized groups have resulted in a paradoxical behavior of soft non-cooperation by peasants while state resources are continuously imported into the countryside.To clarify the full meaning of governance modernization and return to the original meaning of governance transformation is a feasible way to alleviate the governance dilemma in the new era.

关 键 词：资源下乡 内卷化 基层治理转型 治理现代化 软性不合作 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学]