Preparation and Properties of Self-Crimping Polyamide-Based Side-by-Side Bicomponent Elastic Fibers  

自卷曲聚酰胺基并列复合弹性纤维的制备及性能研究

作　　者：WU Yuhao LANG Jiarui ZHANG Shengming LIU Jin WANG Chaosheng WANG Huaping JI Peng 吴宇豪;郎嘉瑞;张圣明;刘津;王朝生;王华平;吉鹏(东华大学材料科学与工程学院,纤维材料改性国家重点实验室,上海201620;东华大学纺织科技创新中心,上海201620)

机构地区：[1]State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials,College of Materials Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China [2]Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China

出　　处：《Journal of Donghua University(English Edition)》2024年第6期569-581,共13页东华大学学报（英文版）

基　　金：Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.2232022D-10);Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology,China(No.SKL202306)。

摘　　要：Side-by-side bicomponent fibers have a spring-like three-dimensional spiral crimp structure and are widely used in elastic fabric.The difference in thermal shrinkage between different polymers can produce an unbalanced stress during the cooling process,and this unbalanced stress can be exploited to prepare naturally crimped fibers by spinning design.In this work,different types of polyamides(PAs)were selected for fabrication of the PA-based side-by-side bicomponent elastic fibers using melt spinning,and the structure development and performance of such bicomponent elastic fibers were studied.Meanwhile,thermoplastic PA elastomer(TPAE)with intrinsic elasticity was also used as one of the comparative materials.The block structure of the PA segment and the polyether segment in the TPAE molecule is the key to providing thermal shrinkage differences and forming a good interface structure.As a result,the crimp ratio of PA6/TPAE bicomponent elastic fiber is 7.23%,which is better than that of the currently commercialized T400 fiber(6.72%).The excellent crimp performance of PA6/TPAE bicomponent elastic fibers comes from the asymmetric distribution of the stress along the radial direction of the fibers during the cooling process,which is caused by the difference in thermal shrinkage between PA6 and TPAE.In addition,the crimp formability of the PA-based bicomponent elastic fibers could be improved by expanding the shrinkage stress through wet-heat treatment.The crimp ratio of PA6/TPAE bicomponent elastic fibers reaches the maximum(33.08%)after treatment at 100℃.At the same time,the fabric made of PA6/TPAE bicomponent elastic fibers has the excellent air and water vapor permeability,with an air permeability of 272.76 mm/s and a water vapor transmission rate of 406.71 g/(m^(2)·h).并列双组分纤维具有弹簧般的三维螺旋卷曲结构,被广泛应用于弹性织物。不同聚合物之间的热收缩率差异会在冷却过程中产生不平衡应力,可以利用这种不平衡应力通过纺丝设计制备自然卷曲纤维。该工作选择不同类型的聚酰胺(polyamide,PA),采用熔融纺丝法制备并列型PA双组分弹性纤维,并研究了PA双组分弹性纤维的结构发展和性能。同时,具有本征弹性的热塑性聚酰胺弹性体(thermoplastic polyamide elastomer,TPAE)被用作对比材料。TPAE分子链中PA链段和聚醚链段的嵌段结构是提供热收缩差异和形成良好界面结构的关键。结果显示,PA6/TPAE双组分弹性纤维的卷曲率为7.23%,优于商品化的T400纤维(聚对苯二甲酸丙二醇酯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯双组分纤维)(6.72%)。PA6/TPAE双组分弹性纤维优异的卷曲性能来源于冷却过程中沿纤维径向产生的不对称应力,这是由PA6和TPAE的热收缩率差异造成的。此外,通过湿热处理扩大收缩应力,可以改善PA双组分弹性纤维的卷曲成型性。PA6/TPAE双组分弹性纤维经100℃处理后卷曲率达到最大值33.08%。同时,PA6/TPAE双组分弹性纤维制成的织物具有优异的透气透湿性能,透气率为272.76 mm/s,透湿率为406.71 g/(m^(2)·h)。

关 键 词：bicomponent fiber polyamide(PA)fiber self-crimping crimp formation ability melt spinning 

分 类 号：TQ342.94[化学工程—化纤工业]