唯物史观如何构建社会心理理论——马克思恩格斯对社会心理问题的评述  

How Materialist Conception of History Constructs the Theory of Social Psychology——Marx and Engels'Comments on Social Psychosocial Problems

作　　者：李厚羿 LI Houyi

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《马克思主义哲学》2024年第6期107-115,168,共10页Marxist Philosophy

基　　金：2022年北京市社科基金“数字技术变革中的马克思主义精神生产理论创新研究”(项目编号:22ZXC009)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在唯物史观的框架中,马克思恩格斯构建了科学的社会心理范畴体系和价值原则,并揭示了资本主义社会中经济、宗教、政治、文艺心理等多种样态的本质特征。以心理视角来考察人们的动机和行为,能够更好地理解唯物史观的实现机制。在社会心理的具体表现中,经济心理透露出在生产活动中资本家的逐利本性和工人劳动者的认知限制性,并且随着货币的广泛使用,两大阶级对立感呈现出新样态。政治心理随着社会发展情势的变化而变化,资本主义社会中资产阶级具有的多面性的政治态度,工人阶级要通过建立自己的无产阶级政党来实现各种政治发展。宗教心理有着非现实、非功利特性,以及强大的社会调适功能,但是其本质则是群众运动的产物并有着现实利益根源。文艺心理能够确证人们自身的本质力量,是在自由审美状态中产生的心理感受,但是它却在资本主义生产关系中功利性地发展着,从而限制了作为人类天性的各种文艺表现。Within the framework of historical materialism,Marx and Engels constructed a scientific system of social psychological categories and value principles,and revealed the essential characteristics of various psychological states in capitalist society,such as Economic Psychology,Religious Psychology,Political Psychology,and Artistic Psychology.Examining people's motives and behaviors from a psychological perspective can help better understand the mechanisms of historical materialism.In the specific manifestations of social psychology,Economic Psychology reveals the profit-seeking nature of capitalists in production activities and the cognitive limitations of working-class laborers;Political Psychology reveals the multi-faceted political attitudes of the bourgeoisie,while the working class seeks to achieve various political developments by establishing their own proletarian parties;Religious Psychology has a powerful social adaptation function and non-utilitarian characteristics,but is fundamentally the product of mass movements and has real interest roots.The literary psyche is capable of corroborating people's own essential power,a psychological feeling that arises in a state of free aesthetics,but it develops utilitarianly in capitalist relations of production,thus limiting the various types of literary expression that are part of human nature.

关 键 词：唯物史观 心理样态 范畴体系 生产关系 资本主义 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]