近20年重特大化工生产事故统计分析  

Statistical analysis of major chemical work safety accidents in recent 20 years

作　　者：李敏 朱柏坚 谌庭苇 贺珊 施式亮 鲁义 LI Min;ZHU Baijian;CHEN Tingwei;HE Shan;SHI Shiliang;LU Yi(School of Resource,Environment and Safety Engineering,Hunan University of Science and Technology,Xiangtan Hunan 411201,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南科技大学资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南湘潭411201

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2024年第11期43-50,共8页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助(52104191)。

摘　　要：为降低事故数、事故伤亡人数和增强控制事故危害等级能力,用统计分析法,从时间、地区、生产阶段、事故类型、事故原因等要素,综合分析2000—2023年发生的41起化工重特大安全生产事故。结果表明:事故数量在2007—2019年呈现波动上升趋势,每年7、8月是事故高发期;华东地区的重特大化工事故数占全国的52.2%,其中,山东省共12起事故,占总数的57.1%。企业正式生产阶段所发生的事故比例最高,占总数的53.6%,主要事故类型为容器爆炸事故。事故存在多米诺效应,特大多米诺事故和重大多米诺事故分别占全事故的14.63%和39.02%,重特大事故中存在多米诺效应的事故均多于不存在多米诺效应的事故,共占比53.65%,其中,特大多米诺的事故伤亡量占全事故伤亡量的40.1%。事故统计中最多的原因是违规生产,占总数的49.3%,所造成的事故存在多米诺效应的事故有66.6%。针对上事故分析反应问题,从企业、设备和员工3个角度提出以健全管理体系为主的建议措施。In order to reduce the number of accidents,casualties and enhance the ability to control the level of accident hazards,and to study the general characteristics and hidden patterns of heavy and large safety accidents in China's chemical production industry,this paper used statistical analysis to comprehensively analyze 41 heavy and large accidents that occurred from 2000 to 2023 in terms of time,region,production stage,type of accidents,causes of accidents and other elements.The results show that the number of accidents shows a fluctuating upward trend in 2007-2019,and July and August are the high incidence period of accident every year.The number of heavy chemical accidents in East China accounts for 52.2%of the whole country,of which 12 accidents occurred in Shandong Province,accounting for 57.1%of the total.The highest proportion of accidents occurred in the formal production stage of enterprises,accounting for 53.6%of the total.The main types of accidents is container explosion.The domino effect exists in accidents,with heavy domino accidents and large domino accidents accounting for 14.63%and 39.02%of the total accidents respectively.There are more accidents with domino effect in heavy and large accidents than those without domino effect,accounting for 53.65%,of which the casualties of accidents with large dominoes account for 40.1%of the total accidents and casualties.The most frequent cause of accident statistics is the illegal execution of production,accounting for 49.3%of the total,and the resulting accidents with domino effect account for 66.6%of the accidents.In response to the problems analyzed in the above accidents,this paper proposes some measures to improve the management system from three perspectives:the company,the equipment and the employees.

关 键 词：化工事故 重特大事故 统计分析 多米诺效应 管理体系 

分 类 号：X928.01[环境科学与工程—安全科学]