Enhancing Deepfake Detection:Proactive Forensics Techniques Using Digital Watermarking  

作　　者：Zhimao Lai Saad Arif Cong Feng Guangjun Liao Chuntao Wang 

机构地区：[1]School of Automation,Guangdong University and Technology,Guangzhou,510006,China [2]School of Immigration Administration(Guangzhou),China People’s Police University,Guangzhou,510663,China [3]Department of Mechanical Engineering,College of Engineering,King Faisal University,Al Ahsa,31982,Saudi Arabia [4]Cyber Police Division,Guangzhou Public Security Bureau,Guangzhou,510030,China [5]School of Forensic Science and Technology,Guangdong Police College,Guangzhou,510320,China [6]College of Mathematics and Informatics,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,510642,China

出　　处：《Computers, Materials & Continua》2025年第1期73-102,共30页计算机、材料和连续体（英文）

基　　金：supported by the National Fund Cultivation Project from China People’s Police University(Grant Number:JJPY202402);National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number:62172165).

摘　　要：With the rapid advancement of visual generative models such as Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)and stable Diffusion,the creation of highly realistic Deepfake through automated forgery has significantly progressed.This paper examines the advancements inDeepfake detection and defense technologies,emphasizing the shift from passive detection methods to proactive digital watermarking techniques.Passive detection methods,which involve extracting features from images or videos to identify forgeries,encounter challenges such as poor performance against unknown manipulation techniques and susceptibility to counter-forensic tactics.In contrast,proactive digital watermarking techniques embed specificmarkers into images or videos,facilitating real-time detection and traceability,thereby providing a preemptive defense againstDeepfake content.We offer a comprehensive analysis of digitalwatermarking-based forensic techniques,discussing their advantages over passivemethods and highlighting four key benefits:real-time detection,embedded defense,resistance to tampering,and provision of legal evidence.Additionally,the paper identifies gaps in the literature concerning proactive forensic techniques and suggests future research directions,including cross-domain watermarking and adaptive watermarking strategies.By systematically classifying and comparing existing techniques,this review aims to contribute valuable insights for the development of more effective proactive defense strategies in Deepfake forensics.

关 键 词：Deepfake proactive forensics digital watermarking TRACEABILITY detection techniques 

分 类 号：TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]