基于无人机倾斜摄影技术的道路边坡变形测量  

Road slope deformation measurement based on UAV oblique photography

作　　者：梁玉球[1] LIANG Yuqiu(Guangzhou Urban Planning&Design Survey Research Institute Company Limited,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510060,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市城市规划勘测设计研究院有限公司,广东广州510060

出　　处：《北京测绘》2024年第12期1739-1744,共6页Beijing Surveying and Mapping

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划(2020B0101130009)。

摘　　要：道路边坡是道路工程中重要的组成部分,对道路的安全和可靠性具有重要影响。道路边坡的变形可能导致坡体滑动、崩塌、土壤侵蚀等问题,从而对交通运行产生不利影响,严重危及行车安全。通过道路边坡变形测量,可以及时掌握边坡变形情况,预警并采取相应的防护措施,保障道路安全,减少交通事故发生的风险。为了解决道路边坡变形测量准确性低的问题,本文研究无人机倾斜摄影在道路边坡变形测量中的应用。以无人机倾斜摄影技术为依托,提取道路边坡数据。根据最小二乘法原理,对粗差观测值进行识别并剔除。利用边坡测距差分方程,求取道路边坡的水平与纵向位移数据,实现对道路边坡的变形测量。实验结果表明:本文所提方法的监测时间始终低于140 ms,最低相对误差为0.06%,具有较为准确的道路边坡变形测量性能,能够有效提高道路边坡变形测量的准确性。Road slopes are an important component of road engineering and have a significant impact on the safety and reliability of roads.The deformation of road slopes may lead to problems such as slope sliding,collapse,and soil erosion,which can have adverse effects on traffic operations and seriously endanger driving safety.By measuring the deformation of road slopes,it is possible to timely grasp the deformation situation of the slopes,issue warnings,and take corresponding protective measures to ensure road safety and reduce the risk of traffic accidents.In order to enhance the low accuracy in road slope deformation measurement,the application of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)oblique photography in road slope deformation measurement was studied.Based on the UAV oblique photography,the road slope data was extracted.According to the principle of the least square method,the gross error observation values were identified and eliminated.The horizontal and longitudinal displacement data of the road slope were obtained by using the slope ranging difference equation,so as to realize road slope deformation measurement.The experimental results show that the monitoring time of the proposed method is always less than 140 ms,with a minimum relative error of 0.06%.It has a relatively accurate performance in measuring road slope deformation and can effectively improve the accuracy of road slope deformation measurement.

关 键 词：无人机倾斜摄影 道路边坡 变形测量 测量准确度 最小二乘法 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]