高等级病原微生物实验室获得性感染案例回顾及应对策略  

Case review and coping strategies of laboratory-acquired infections of animal biosafety level-3/4 laboratories

作　　者：王瑶[1] 胡洋 赵娅君 韩建保 WANG Yao;HU Yang;ZHAO Yajun;HAN Jianbao(Biosafety Laboratory,West China Hospital of Sichuan University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西医院生物安全实验室,四川成都610041

出　　处：《实验技术与管理》2024年第12期205-211,共7页Experimental Technology and Management

摘　　要：实验室获得性感染(laboratory-acquired infections, LAIs)是指由实验室相关活动引起的职业性感染,可导致实验室人员感染疾病、残疾甚至死亡。高等级病原微生物实验室((animal)biosafetylevel-3/4laboratories,(A)BSL-3/4)人员往往面临更大的LAIs风险及后果,甚至对公众、环境及社会造成重大影响。为降低(A)BSL-3/4发生LAIs的概率及影响,文章通过回顾分析国内外(A)BSL-3/4发生LAIs的文献案例报道,结合(A)BSL-3/4建设及管理经验,探析了LAIs发生途径及原因,并提出了(A)BSL-3/4的预防措施及暴露后应对策略。[Significance]Laboratory-acquired infections(LAIs)are occupational infections caused by laboratory-related activities,which can lead to illness,disability,and even death of laboratory personnel.The personnel of(animal)biosafety level-3/4 laboratories((A)BSL-3/4)often face high risks and consequences of LAIs,and these infections may even have a major impact on public health and the environment.To reduce the chances of occurrence and impact of LAIs in(A)BSL-3/4 laboratories,this paper reviewed the literature on LAIs in(A)BSL-3/4 laboratories in China and abroad and the construction and management experience of(A)BSL-3/4 laboratories.The paper further analyzed the pathways and causes of LAIs and provided LAI prevention measures and post-exposure coping strategies for(A)BSL-3/4 laboratories.[Progress]The results showed that since 1978,there had been 12 reports in China and abroad of LAIs in(A)BSL-3/4 laboratories,21 reported infections and four deaths.Additionally,hundreds of non-laboratory personnel have been isolated and observed,causing public panic and serious economic losses.A total of eight highly pathogenic microorganisms(seven were zoonotic)caused the 12 cases of LAIs in(A)BSL-3/4 laboratories.Most of the LAIs were viral infections(n=7,87.50%),and only one case was a bacterial infection(n=1,12.50%).The most common highly pathogenic microorganisms that cause LAIs in(A)BSL-3/4 laboratories were Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus(n=3,25.00%)and Ebola virus(n=3,25.00%).The main pathway leading to LAIs was needle-stick(n=6,50.00%),and the other pathways included improper management of bacteria and viruses,contact,splashing,and equipment damage.[Conclusions and Prospects]There are various sources of LAIs,and the most common routes of infection in the laboratories are inhalation of infectious aerosols,percutaneous inoculation(needle puncture,glass puncture,and/or animal bites or scratches),direct contact(skin and mucous membranes,etc.),and ingestion.Failure to comply with standard biosafety procedures is

关 键 词：高等级病原微生物实验室 实验室获得性感染 案例回顾 预防及应对策略 

分 类 号：N34[自然科学总论]