水分亏缺和盐胁迫对棉苗生长及光合特性的影响  

Effects of water deficit and salt stress on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of cotton seedlings

作　　者：张万恒 何帅[2] 忠智博 ZHANG Wanheng;HE Shuai;ZHONG Zhibo(College of Hydraulic Engineering,Xinjiang Vocational University,Urumqi Xinjiang 830000,China;Institute of Farmland Water Conservancy and Soil Fertilizer,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science,Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Shihezi Xinjiang 832000,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆职业大学水利工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]新疆农垦科学院农田水利与土壤肥料研究所,农业农村部西北绿洲节水农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《农业工程》2024年第12期115-120,共6页AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

摘　　要：为探索新疆维吾尔自治区小海子灌区主栽棉花品种塔河2号苗期生长的土壤含水量与含盐量的适宜区间,设置水(轻度、中度水分亏缺)、盐(低盐、中盐、高盐胁迫)两因素盆栽试验,研究不同程度水盐胁迫对棉苗植株生长和光合生理特性的影响。在水盐交互作用下,盐胁迫是抑制棉苗生长和光合特性的主导因素。与对照相比,相同土壤含水量时,低盐处理未抑制棉苗生长及光合特性指标;中盐处理对棉苗部分生长指标已产生显著抑制(P<0.05),使棉苗株高降低21.12%~34.53%,叶面积指数降低23.73%~59.70%,同时净光合速率、气孔导度也分别显著降低35.88%和27.12%~28.33%;高盐处理几乎显著抑制所有棉苗生理指标。相同盐胁迫下,中度水分亏缺更利于棉苗株高、叶面积指数、净光合速率等指标,并且高盐比中盐处理更明显,其他水分亏缺处理棉花生长及光合特性指标差异均不显著。中度水分亏缺和中盐胁迫为供试棉种苗期正常生长推荐的水盐搭配。In order to explore suitable range of soil moisture content and salt content at seedling stage of cotton variety"Tahe No.2"in Xiaohaizi irrigation area,Xinjiang,two factors of water(mild and moderate water deficit)and salt(low salt,medium salt and high salt stress)were set up in pot experiments to study effects of different degrees of water and salt stress on growth and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of cotton seedlings.Under interaction of water and salt,salt stress was dominant factor inhibiting growth and photosynthetic characteristics of cotton seedlings.Compared with the control,at the same moisture content,growth and photosynthetic characteristics of cotton seedlings were not inhibited by low salt treatment,medium salt treatment significantly inhibited some growth indexes of cotton seedlings(P<0.05),which reduced plant height by 21.12%~34.53%,leaf area index by 23.73%~59.70%,net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductivity by 35.88%and 27.12%~28.33%,respectively.High salt treatment significantly inhibited almost all physiological indexes of cotton seedlings.Under the same salt stress,moderate water deficit was more favorable to cotton plant height,leaf area index,net photosynthetic rate and other indexes,effects under high salt stress were more significant than medium salt,and growth and photosynthetic characteristics of cotton in other water deficit had no significant difference.Moderate water deficit and medium salt stress were recommended for normal growth of cotton seedlings in test stage.

关 键 词：棉花 水分亏缺 盐分胁迫 棉苗 光合特性 新疆 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程]