野生大鲵栖息活动适宜水动力条件实验及适宜性曲线构建  

Experiment on suitable hydrodynamic conditions for habitat activity of Andrias davidianus and construction of suitability curve

作　　者：丁洋 赵进勇[1] 彭文启[1] 解宜兴 于子铖 付意成[1] DING Yang;ZHAO Jinyong;PENG Wenqi;XIE Yixing;YU Zicheng;FU Yicheng(China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Zhangjiajie Giant salamander National Nature Reserve Affairs Center,Zhangjiajie 427400,China;School of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power,Hebei University of Engineering,Handan 056038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区事务中心,湖南张家界427400 [3]河北工程大学水利水电学院,河北邯郸056038

出　　处：《水利学报》2024年第12期1508-1518,共11页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(WE0145B042021);湖南张家界大鲵国家级自然保护区水生生物资源与环境综合调查项目(WE120202A0072022)。

摘　　要：为了探求大鲵栖息活动的适宜水动力条件,开展有效保育措施,通过室外观测实验,研究了不同流速及底质条件对大鲵栖息活动的影响,利用模糊逻辑法对大鲵在不同流速下的日均停留总时间及日均出没次数等实验参数进行综合分析,确定了大鲵的适宜流速条件与阈值,构建了大鲵流速适宜性曲线,根据大鲵在不同底质区域的日均停留总时间参数构建了大鲵河道指数适宜性曲线。结果表明:大鲵在低流速状态下停留时间占总时间的69.13%,表现出的行为谱类型较多,大鲵在中高流速的停留时间占总时间的30.87%,进而确定大鲵适宜流速范围为0~0.5 m s(HSI>0.5,HSI为适宜性指数),流速在0.1~0.3 m s范围,HSI处于峰值区域(HSI>0.8),当流速大于0.6 m s时,栖息地适宜性逐渐降低;大鲵最适宜底质类型为砾石(8~16 mm)、卵石(16~250 mm)和漂石(>250 mm),不适宜在沙粒(0.062~2.0 mm)占比较多的区域活动。相关结果可为精准预测大鲵适宜栖息地分布,开展有效保育措施提供技术支撑。In order to explore the suitable hydrodynamic conditions for the habitat activities of Andrias davidianus and carry out effective conservation measures,the effects of different flow velocity and bottom condition on the habitat activities of Andrias davidianus were studied through outdoor observation experiments.The fuzzy logical method was used to comprehensively analyze experimental parameters such as the total daily residence time(DRT)and the daily occurrence times of Andrias davidianus at different flow velocity,and the suitable flow velocity conditions and thresholds were determined.The flow velocity suitability curve of Andrias davidianus was constructed,and the channel index suitability curve of Andrias davidianus was made according to the parameters of total daily residence time of Andrias davidianu in areas with different sedime.The residence time of the Andrias davidianus at low flow rate accounted for 69.13%of the total time,and the residence time of the Andrias davidianus at middle and high flow rate accounted for 30.87%of the total time,and the suitable flow rate of the Andrias davidianus was determined to be 0-0.5 m s(HSI>0.5,HSI was the suitability index).When the flow velocity was 0.1-3 m s,the HSI was in the peak area(HSI>0.8),and when the flow velocity was greater than 0.6 m s,the habitat suitability gradually decreased.The most suitable bottom material types were gravel(8~16 mm),pebble(16~250 mm)and drift stone(>250 mm),and were not suitable for activities in the area where sand(0.062~2.0 mm)was relatively large.

关 键 词：野生大鲵 观测实验 流速 底质 适宜性曲线 

分 类 号：TV131.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]