除铅剂在锌电解中的除铅研究及其对电解过程的影响  

Study on the Use of Lead Removers in Zinc Electrowinning and Their Effect on the Electrolytic Process

作　　者：黄庆兰 张候文 杨大锦 俞小花[1] 沈庆峰[1] HUANG Qinglan;ZHANG Houwen;YANG Dajin;YU Xiaohua;SHEN Qingfeng(Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Yunnan Chihong Zn&Ge CO.,Ltd.,Qujing 655011,Yunnan,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,云南昆明650093 [2]云南驰宏锌锗股份有限公司,云南曲靖655011

出　　处：《昆明理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第6期1-7,共7页Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)

基　　金：云南省青年拔尖人才项目(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-327).

摘　　要：对于锌冶炼来说,铅是影响锌锭产品质量的主要杂质金属之一.锌冶炼行业目前普遍采用添加碳酸锶的方法降低电解液中的铅含量,但是近年碳酸锶价格大幅度上涨导致除铅成本增加,并且加入过多碳酸锶也是有害的,会使得槽电压上升.文中使用了一种可以替代碳酸锶低成本除铅的线型高分子聚合物新型除铅剂CQJ-01,通过改变CQJ-01的添加量来对比铅的去除效果,并根据析出锌质量计算了电流效率.电解实验结果表明:在4 h电解实验中分别加入0、3、6 mg/L的除铅剂,阴极锌含铅量(质量分数)基本稳定在0.004%左右,未达到国标GB/T 470—2008规定的0#Zn中铅含量≤0.003%的要求,且电流效率较低.因此,进行了优化改进的电解实验.在改进的优化实验中阴极锌含铅量最低为0.00063%,比碳酸锶有更好的除铅效果.利用扫描电镜观察了锌片的表面形貌,在工业电解液和硫酸锌溶液两种基液中分别添加1、3 mg/L除铅剂,沉降不同时间,通过循环伏安测试探究了除铅剂对电解过程中电化学行为的影响.结果表明,除铅剂的加入增大了还原反应的超电压,抑制了析氢反应.For zinc electrowinning,lead is one of the main impurity metals affecting the quality of zinc ingot products.The zinc electrowinning industry is now commonly used to add SrCO 3 method to reduce the lead content in the electrolyte,but in recent years the price of SrCO 3 has risen sharply resulting in increased cost of lead removal,and too much SrCO 3 is also harmful,it will make the tank voltage rise.Therefore,a new type of linear polymer lead remover CQJ-01,which can replace SrCO 3 for low-cost lead removal,was used in this study.The CQJ-01 effect was compared by varying the amount of lead remover added,and the current efficiency was calculated based on the precipitated zinc mass.The results of electrolysis experiments show that the lead content(mass fraction)of zinc flakes is stabilized at about 0.004%by adding 0 mg/L,3 mg/L,and 6 mg/L of lead remover in 4 h electrolysis experiments,respectively.Failure to meet the national standard GB/T 470—2008:0#Zn in the lead content of≤0.003%of requirements.And lower current efficiency of lead removal,so optimized and improved electrolysis experiments were conducted.In the enhanced optimization experiment with the lowest lead content of 0.00063%,which has a better lead removal effect than SrCO 3.The surface morphology of the zinc flakes was observed using scanning electron microscopy.The impact of lead remover on the electrochemical behavior during zinc electrowinning were investigated by cyclic voltammetry with the addition of 1 mg/L and 3 mg/L lead remover settled for different times in two base liquids,namely,industrial electrolyte and ZnSO 4 solution,respectively.The results showed that adding lead remover increased the overvoltage of the reduction reaction and inhibited the hydrogen precipitation reaction.

关 键 词：锌电解 硫酸锌电解液 除铅剂 除铅 循环伏安法 

分 类 号：TF813[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]