不同覆盖模式对湖南秋马铃薯生长、产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Different Mulching Patterns on the Growth,Yield,and Quality of Autumn Potato in Hunan

作　　者：陈蓉[1] 董文[1] 秦玉芝[1] 罗金玲 周华兰[1] 熊兴耀 胡新喜[1] CHEN Rong;DONG Wen;QIN Yu-zhi;LUO Jin-ling;ZHOU Hua-lan;XIONG Xing-yao;HU Xin-xi(College of Horticulture,Hunan Agricultural University,Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Potatoes,Key Laboratory for Vegetable Biology of Hunan Province,Changsha 410128,PRC;Longshan County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Afffairs,Longshan 416899,PRC;Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shenzhen 518100,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学园艺学院,湖南省马铃薯工程技术研究中心,蔬菜生物学湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410128 [2]龙山县农业农村局,湖南龙山416899 [3]中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所,广东深圳518100

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2024年第12期27-31,共5页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家马铃薯产业技术体系项目(CARS-09-ES16)。

摘　　要：为了解决秋马铃薯播种期高温少雨带来的烂薯严重、出苗率低、产量低的问题,设置玉米秸秆、黑地膜、白地膜、遮阳网覆盖和不覆盖共5个处理,研究不同覆盖模式对湖南秋马铃薯出苗、生长及产量和品质的影响,以期筛选能降温保墒的适合南方秋马铃薯生产的覆盖方式。结果表明:秸秆覆盖和遮阳网覆盖比对照出苗早4和6 d,出苗率分别为81.33%和82.33%,两者的株高均高于对照;秸秆覆盖和遮阳网覆盖的产量分别为20910.14和16872.1 kg/hm^(2),分别比对照增产30.22%和5.07%,产量与出苗率、生育期呈显著正相关;各处理干物质含量、淀粉含量差异不显著,干物质含量、淀粉含量与生育期呈显著正相关。因此,秸秆覆盖栽培马铃薯具有降低地温、保墒、提高出苗率、促进出苗和植株生长的作用,显著提高了秋马铃薯产量。The high temperature and little rain during the sowing period of autumn potato lead to potato rotting,low seedling emergence rates,and low yields.To solve these problems,we studied the effects of different mulching patterns(maize straw,black mulching film,white mulching film,sunshade net,and control of no mulching)on the seedling emergence,growth,yield,and quality of autumn potato in Hunan and screened out the mulching patterns capable of lowering the ground temperature and keeping soil moisture and suitable for the production of autumn potato in southern China.The results showed that the maize straw mulching and sunshade net mulching groups had the seedling emergence 4 d and 6 d earlier than the control and the seedling emergence rates of 81.33%and 82.33%,respectively.Moreover,the plant heights in both mulching groups were higher than that in the control group.The potato yields in the maize straw mulching and sunshade net mulching groups were 20910.14 kg/hm^(2)and 16872.1 kg/hm^(2),respectively,which increased by 30.22%and 5.07%compared with that of the control.The potato yield had significantly positive correlations with the seedling emergence rate and growth period.The dry matter content and starch content showed no significant difference among groups,and they had significantly positive correlations with the growth period.In conclusion,maize straw mulching has the effects of lowering the ground temperature,keeping soil moisture,improving the seedling emergence rate,and promoting plant growth,thus significantly increasing the yield of autumn potato.

关 键 词：秋马铃薯 覆盖 生长 产量 品质 湖南 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]