促早生快发施肥对稻茬烤烟生长及干物质和养分积累的影响  

Effects of Fertilization Measures for Promoting Early Growth and Rapid Development on the Growth as Well as Dry Matter and Nutrient Accumulation of Paddy-Tobacco

作　　者：刘亮 夏冰[2] 王卫民[3] 范才银 安然 江智敏[3] 郭亮 邓小华[2] LIU Liang;XIA Bing;WANG Wei-min;FAN Cai-yin;AN Ran;JIANG Zhi-min;GUO Liang;DENG Xiao-hua(Hengyang Branch of Hunan Tobacco Company,Hengyang 421000,PRC;College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,PRC;China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310008,PRC;Changsha Branch of Hunan Tobacco Company,Changsha 410021,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司,湖南衡阳421000 [2]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]浙江中烟工业有限责任公司,浙江杭州310008 [4]湖南省烟草公司长沙市公司,湖南长沙410021

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2024年第12期54-60,共7页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省烟草公司衡阳市公司科技项目(HYYC2022KJ17)。

摘　　要：为探究促早生快发施肥措施对湖南烟区稻茬烤烟生长和干物质积累的影响,以云烟87为试验材料,研究基肥添加微生物菌剂(A)和优化提苗肥(B)对烤烟的根系、农艺性状、烟叶SPAD值、干物质积累及氮磷钾养分积累的影响。结果表明:基肥中添加微生物菌剂和专用提苗肥配施尿素(A_(1)B_(3))可以提高烤烟根系活力、促进根系发育,其根系长度、投影面积、表面积、平均直径、体积和根尖数较对照(A_(2)B_(1))处理分别高56.53%、35.69%、35.69%、13.51%、17.60%和49.08%;同时能改善农艺性状、促进烤烟地上部的生长,移栽后30 d时A_(1)B_(3)处理的最大叶面积较A_(2)B_(1)处理高11.96%,移栽后60 d时A_(1)B_(3)处理的株高、茎围、最大叶面积较A_(2)B_(1)处理分别高17.81%、13.32%和42.40%;还能促进烤烟的干物质、氮和磷的积累,移栽后30 d时A_(1)B_(3)处理的烟株干物质、氮和磷积累量较A_(2)B_(1)处理高17.85%、5.01%和26.77%,移栽后60 d时三者较A_(2)B_(1)处理高27.35%、11.69%和63.37%;基肥中添加微生物菌剂能有效提高烟叶SPAD值,并且促进烤烟对钾的积累,而专用提苗肥配施尿素对此作用不明显。因此,在湖南稻作烟区的施肥过程中,在基肥中添加“根茎康”微生物菌剂和专用提苗肥适当配施尿素,可以促进烟株早生快发。This study aims to explore the effects of fertilization measures for promoting early growth and rapid development on the growth and dry matter accumulation of paddy-tobacco in Hunan.'Yunyan 87'was cultivated with the application of microbial agent(A)in base fertilizer and optimized seedling-raising fertilizer(B).The effects of different fertilization treatments on the root growth,agronomic traits,SPAD value,dry matter accumulation,and nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium accumulation of fluecured tobacco were studied.The results showed that adding microbial agent to base fertilizer and combing seedling-raising fertilizer with urea(A_(1)B_(3))improved root activity and promoted root development of flue-cured tobacco,increasing the root length,projected area,surface area,average diameter,volume,and tip number by 56.53%,35.69%,35.69%,13.51%,17.60%,and 49.08%,respectively,compared with the control(A_(2)B_(1)).Moreover,A_(1)B_(3)improved agronomic traits and promoted aboveground growth of flue-cured tobacco.Compared with A_(2)B_(1),A_(1)B_(3)increased the maximum leaf area by 11.96%on day 30 after transplantation and increased the plant height,stem diameter,and maximum leaf area by 17.81%,13.32%,and 42.40%,respectively,on day 60 after transplantation.In addition,A_(1)B_(3)promoted the accumulation of dry matter,nitrogen,and phosphorus of flue-cured tobacco.Compared with A_(2)B_(1),A_(1)B_(3)increased the accumulation of dry matter,nitrogen,and phosphorus by 17.85%,5.01%,and 26.77%on day 30 and by 27.35%,11.69%,and 63.37%on day 60 after transplantation,respectively.Finally,the addition of microbial agent to the base fertilizer increased the SPAD value and promoted the accumulation of potassium,while seedling-raising fertilizer combined with urea did not exert obvious effects.In conclusion,adding microbial agent(Genjingkang)in base fertilizer and combing seedling-raising fertilizer with urea can promote the early growth and rapid development of flue-cured tobacco in the rice-planting area in Hunan.

关 键 词：稻茬烤烟 早生快发施肥 烤烟生长 干物质和养分积累 湖南 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学] S144[农业科学—农业基础科学]