近25年审定松粳系列水稻品种主要品质性状分析  

Analysis of Main Quality Characters for Rice Varieties of Songjing Series Approved in Recent 25 Years

作　　者：高洪儒[1,2] 赵北平 肖明纲[1,2] 孙中义 张擘[1,2] GAO Hongru;ZHAO Beiping;XIAO Minggang;SUN Zhongyi;ZHANG Bo(Biotechnology Institute,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Harbin 150028,China;Heilongjiang Engineering and Technology Research Center of Rice Molecular Breeding,Harbin 150028,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院生物技术研究所,哈尔滨150028 [2]黑龙江省水稻分子育种工程技术研究中心,哈尔滨150028

出　　处：《种子》2024年第12期138-142,共5页Seed

基　　金：黑龙江省农业科技创新跨越工程农业科技基础创新优青项目(CX22YQ26)。

摘　　要：松粳系列品种是我国优质米的代表之一,1999—2023年共审定品种46个,近5年急剧增长。为了明确松粳系列品种育种的变化差异,对其主要品质性状进行比较分析。结果表明,36个品种出糙率≥81%,达到一级米标准,占总品种数的78%;2009年以后受市场长粒型品种需求的调控,整精米率逐渐下降,均值均达到二级优质米的标准;总体垩白粒率呈先降后升的趋势,垩白度均达到一级优质米的标准,总体垩白度呈先升高后降低再升高的趋势,2009—2013年为最低,仅有0.2%;直链淀粉含量整体呈现增高的趋势,胶稠度整体变化趋势不大,蛋白质含量总体降低表明食味品质的提升,其中18个品种的食味品质得分高于85分,占比39.1%,一级优质米品种1个,占比2.2%。综合分析表明,在选育松粳系列长粒优质米时,要以兼顾抗倒伏能力的提升、提高出糙率和整精米率、降低垩白粒率和垩白度、控制直链淀粉和粗蛋白的升高、提升食味品质为育种方向。Songjing series varieties as one of the representatives of high-quality rice(Oryza sativa L.)in China,according to statistics from 1999 to 2023,a total of 46 varieties had been approved,and the past 5 years had increased sharply.In order to clarify the differences in breeding of‘Songjing series’varieties,the main quality characters were compared and analyzed.The results showed that the roughness rate of 36 varieties was greater than or equal to 81%,which reached the standard of first grade rice,accounting for 78%of the total varieties.After 2009,due to the regulation of the market demand for long-grain varieties,the rate of finishing rice gradually decreased,and the average value reached the standard of second-grade high-quality rice.The overall chalkiness decreased first and then increased,and the chalkiness reached the standard of first grade high-quality rice.The overall chalkiness showed a trend of increasing,decreasing and increasing again,and was only 0.2%from 2009 to 2013.The amylose content showed an overall increasing trend,the glue consistency did not change much,and the overall decrease of protein content indicated the improvement of taste quality.Among them,the taste quality of 18 varieties was greater than or equal to 85 points,accounting for 39.1%,and there was only one first-grade high-quality rice,accounting for 2.2%.The comprehensive analysis showed that in the breeding of Songjing series long grain high quality rice,the breeding direction should take into account the improvement of lodging resistance,the improvement of rice extraction and finishing rate,the reduction of chalkiness grain rate and chalkiness degree,the control of amylose and crude protein increase,and the improvement of eating quality.

关 键 词：松粳系列 水稻 品质性状 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]