浑水入渗对粗粒土柱孔隙及渗透性影响试验研究  

Experimental study on influences of seepage of muddy water on porosity and permeability of coarse-grained soil columns

作　　者：毛海涛 张超[1,2] 袁古城 何涛 谷易 MAO Haitao;ZHANG Chao;YUAN Gucheng;HE Tao;GU Yi(College of Urban and Rural Construction,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030000,China;School of Civil Engineering,Chongqing Three Gorges University,Chongqing 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学城乡建设学院,山西太原030000 [2]重庆三峡学院土木工程学院,重庆404120

出　　处：《岩土工程学报》2025年第1期173-183,共11页Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金面上项目(202103021223132,202103021224151);国家自然科学青年基金项目(42207102);山西农业大学211省改革高层次人才引进项目(2021XG009);山西省水利科学技术研究与推广项目(2024GM33)。

摘　　要：浑水渗流在水利工程的反滤设计、浑水浇灌、堤坝渗流控制等方面都有较大影响,目前理论多采用稳定渗流计算方法,忽略了渗流过程中粗细颗粒与水力的耦合作用。自制渗流装置,将不同控制粒径浑水、不均匀系数粗粒土柱和水头等作为基本控制因素,研究不同工况下浑水中悬浮颗粒对粗粒土土柱中的渗透特性影响;推导了变渗透系数浑水渗流计算微分方程,通过对比验证和公式修正,结果表明:粗粒土中颗粒淤积率与控制粒径C_(0.075)含量符合Boltzmann函数关系;C_(0.075)是重要的影响因子,浑水颗粒在粗粒土柱的运移、沉积和淤堵形态过程大致可分为4种形态:表层堆积淤堵形态(S型);表层-内部双重淤堵形态(S-I型);内部孔隙淤堵形态(I型);暂态孔隙淤堵形态(P型)。土柱C_(u)越大,孔隙度越小,浑水颗粒在粗粒土中运移也越困难,土柱填充性就越差;水头加剧了颗粒在土柱内部运移的速度,但也加速了其在顶部的沉积并封堵;S型时土柱0~2cm渗透系数下降速率最大,封堵时总体渗透系数最小,2cm以下相对孔隙率及随深度逐渐减小;S-I和I型土柱下部渗透系数明显滞后于上部,相对孔隙率存在临界深度(约为4~6cm);P型时土柱整体相对孔隙率基本无变化。The seepage of muddy water has significant influences on the anti-filtration design in hydraulic engineering,muddy water irrigation and seepage control in embankments.At present,the theoretical approaches are predominantly stable seepage methods,neglecting the coupled effects between coarse and fine particles during seepage process.In this study,a seepage apparatus is fabricated to investigate the infiltration characteristics of particles in coarse-grained soil columns under various combinations of factors,including muddy water with different compositions,coarse-grained soil columns with non-uniform coefficient,and hydraulic heads.A differential equation for calculating the seepage with variable permeability coefficients in muddy water is derived.Through comparative validation and formula modification,it is revealed that the particle deposition rate in coarse-grained soil and the content of particles with the control size C_(0.075) follow a Boltzmann function relationship.C_(0.075) is a significant influencing factor,dictating the migration,deposition and clogging morphology of particles in the coarse-grained soil columns.Four predominant morphologies are identified:surface accumulation clogging(S type),surface-internal dual clogging(S-I type),internal pore clogging(I type),and transient pore clogging(P type).As the value of C_(u) of the coarse-grained soil columns increases and the porosity decreases,the migration of particles in the coarse-grained soil becomes more difficult,and the filling characteristics of the coarse-grained soil columns are poor.The hydraulic head intensifies the migration velocity of particles in the coarse-grained soil columns but also accelerates their deposition and clogging at the top.During the S type phase,the rate of decrease in the permeability coefficient from 0 to 2 cm in depth is the highest,resulting in the overall minimum permeability coefficient during clogging,with a gradual reduction in the relative porosity under the depth below 2 cm.For the S-I and I type columns,the perm

关 键 词：颗粒 渗流 粗粒土 浑水 堵塞 

分 类 号：TU432[建筑科学—岩土工程]