Urban and Rural Flood Adaptation and Its Planning Applicationin Floodplains  

洪泛区城乡洪水适应技术及其规划应用

作　　者：JIA Meng ZHANG Yue 贾濛;张悦(清华大学建筑学院,北京100084;中国建筑设计研究院有限公司第一建筑专业设计研究院,北京100044)

机构地区：[1]School of Architecture,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China [2]Architecture Design&Research InstituteⅠ,China Architecture Design&Research Group,Beijing 100044,China

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2024年第6期1488-1501,共14页资源与生态学报（英文版）

摘　　要：Humanity’s struggle with floods has revolved around living near water bodies and attempting to preventand control inundations.With the expected increase of floods in the future due to global climate change and acknowledging the rising uncertainty of weather phenomena,humans should learn to cope with natural floods.GilbertF.White’s flood adjustment approach,which is used in floodplain management,can harmonize the relationshipbetween humans and floods by regulating people’s development behavior in floodplains and adjusting the management of land use and the flood resistance standard of buildings in such areas so as to alleviate flood disastersand promote the coordinated development of the economy,society,and environment in these areas.The US,EU,France,and the Netherlands have formulated relevant policies and implemented practices under the guidance ofWhite’s principles.In recent years,flood resilience theory and resilience planning have become the focus of floodmanagement.However,flood adjustment still has some limitations,such as lack of independence,lack of comprehensiveness and systematization,limited application scenarios,unresolved contradiction with human survivaland development needs,and an insufficient spatial scale,necessitating further research and verification.Cities inthe floodplains of China should learn to harmoniously coexist with floods and thus achieve ecological environmentalprotection and sustainable development through flood adaptation planning of urban-rural integration.人类与洪水的斗争经过近水而居、防御洪水、控制洪水等过程而发展至今。全球气候变化及其不确定性导致预期未来洪水增加,人类应学会与自然发生的洪水更协调地生活。吉尔伯特·F·怀特提出的洪水适应技术通过规范人们在洪泛区的开发行为,调整洪泛区土地利用与建筑物耐洪标准的管理来协调人与洪水的关系。美国、欧盟、法国、荷兰等均在此理论指导下制定了相关政策和应用实践。近年来承洪韧性理论以及韧性规划成为洪灾管理重点。但洪水适应技术依然存在着缺乏独立性且综合性与系统性不足;可应用场景有限,与人类生存发展需要的矛盾未根本解决及技术应用的空间尺度过小等局限因素,有待进一步研究和验证。中国洪泛区城市在全球气候变化背景下应学会与洪水和谐共生,通过洪泛区城乡融合的洪水适应规划实现生态环境保护和可持续发展。

关 键 词：FLOODPLAIN flood adaptation floodplain management non-engineering measures flood resilience 

分 类 号：TU998.4[建筑科学—市政工程] TU984.116