明初浙江卫所文书所见军船建造活动  

Military Shipbuilding Activities as Seen in the Documents at Zhejiang’s Weisuoduring the Early Ming Dynasty

作　　者：尹敏志 Yin Mizhi

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文学院历史系

出　　处：《海交史研究》2024年第3期37-49,共13页Journal of Maritime History Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“新见日本藏明初浙江行省文书整理研究”(项目编号:23CZS028)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：日本静嘉堂文库藏《汉书》纸背,保存9件洪武六年台州卫与温州卫文书,记载沿海地区的军船建造活动。明初浙江、福建频繁遭到倭寇袭击,卫所缺乏战船,洪武五年明太祖下令添造海舟与多橹快船。由纸背文书可见,台州卫建造军船时,船体木材由军人砍办,造船所用苫盖、铁猫(锚)、棕缆等物料及贡具由台州府或杭兴府供给。温州卫雇佣工匠打造军船,口粮每五日或十日一结,由作头或付手预算,总旗或小旗带领工匠赴温州府仓关领,再进行结算。洪武年间,浙江沿海卫所建造军船所需差役、物料、贡具多取自当地或临近府州县,成为民户法定赋役之外的沉重负担。The documents written on the back of the paper of Hanshu collected in the Seikado Bunko of Japan preserve 9 documents of Taizhou Wei and Wenzhou Wei in the 9th Year of Hongwu Reign(1373),recording the military shipbuilding activities of the coastal areas.As the coastal areas of Zhejiang and Fujian Province were frequently attacked by Japanese pirates and the garrisons lacked military ships,Hongwu Emperor ordered the construction of sea-going vessels and fast ships with multiple sculls in 1372.As seen in the documents,the military vessels were built by Taizhou Wei with the timber for the hull cut by soldiers,and the materials used for shipbuilding,such as thatch covers,iron anchors,brown cables and other tribute tools,supplied by Taizhou Fu or Hangzhou Fu.Besides,Wenzhou Wei hired craftsmen to build military ships,whose rations were handed out once every 5 or 10 days,and Zuotou(head of the craftsmen)or Fushou(deputy head)were in charge of the budget.Zongqi or Xiaoqi(heads of the two smallest units under the Weisuo system)led the craftsmen to Wenzhou Fu’s warehouse to receive their rations.During the Hongwu era,the service,materials and tributes required for the construction of military ships by the coastal guards in Zhejiang Province were mostly taken from nearby prefectures and counties,which became a heavy burden to the local people in addition to the statutory duties.

关 键 词：明代 台州卫 温州卫 军船 

分 类 号：F429[经济管理—产业经济] K248[历史地理—历史学]