道咸时期长江下游沙船的地域分布  

Geographical Distribution of Junks in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze Riverduring the Daoguang and Xianfeng Periods

作　　者：方健 郑海涛 Fan Jian;Zheng haitao

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院 [2]淮北师范大学安徽文献整理与研究中心

出　　处：《海交史研究》2024年第3期61-81,共21页Journal of Maritime History Studies

摘　　要：沙船作为清代北洋航海运输的主要商船类型之一,在商品贸易和文化交流中发挥重要作用。而有关长江下游沙船地域分布的记载,却较为笼统。通过分析商船出海管理以及道咸时期三次海运登记的沙船字号,试图呈现长江下游地区沙船地域分布的情况。从空间上看,沿娄江—刘河—长江口的州县是沙船地域分布的核心区域,由此向其他州县散布,表现出不均衡的空间分布特征;从时间上看,同一州县参与三次海运的沙船数量比重存在差异性特征。沙船这种地域分布特征的形成原因是清廷在治理海疆方面,与各州县地理环境、社会经济、水路交通、近代开埠等多元因素相互作用的结果。As one of the main types of merchant ships in the Beiyang(literally Northern Ocean)maritime transportation during the Qing dynasty,Shachuan-style ships(also known as junks)play an important role in commodity trade and cultural exchanges.However,records regarding the geographical distribution of junks in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are rather vague.By analyzing ordinances regarding merchant ships going to sea promulgated by the government and the names of junks recorded in documents about three maritime transportation tasks during the Daoguang and Xianfeng periods,this paper finds out the specific geographical origins of the junks.Spatially,the counties along the Loujiang River,Liuhe River,and the Yangtze River estuary were the core areas of distribution,gradually spreading to the surrounding counties and showing an imbalanced spatial pattern.Temporally,there were differences in the proportion of junks from the same county participating in the three maritime transportations.The formation of this geographical distribution pattern of junks in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River is the result of the interaction between the Qing government's maritime governance and the different conditions of the counties in terms of geographical environment,society,economy,waterway transportation,and modern port opening.

关 键 词：沙船 商船 船商 长江口 海运 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] F552.9[历史地理—中国史]