一次暴雨过程中极端短时强降水诊断和中尺度分析  

Diagnosis and Mesoscale Analysis of Extreme Short-term Heavy Rainfall During a Thunderstorm Process

作　　者：隋沆锐 Sui Hangrui(Hulunbeier City Meteorological Bureau,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hulunbeier,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古呼伦贝尔市气象局,内蒙古呼伦贝尔

出　　处：《科学技术创新》2025年第1期13-16,共4页Scientific and Technological Innovation

摘　　要：【目的】对于此次极端暴雨过程进行综合分析,加深对此次极端暴雨过程的理解,为未来对此类极端暴雨过程的观测和预报提供科学思路与方法。【方法】利用FNL再分析资料,结合观测资料、卫星资料、数值预报产品对此次过程进行了分析。【结果】此次暴雨过程是受地面倒槽,高空冷涡,低空急流等共同影响下造成的。【结论】低空急流在此次过程中充当了良好的水汽通道,中层干侵入形成了不稳定性层结,冷暖空气对峙,上升气流明显;冷暖空气对峙激发了多个中尺度对流云团,第一阶段受局地对流云团发展影响,第二阶段短时强降水中心北抬,受新形成对流云团合并发展影响,小时极端降水出现在云顶亮温梯度大值区和地面辐合线附近;地面辐合线位置是此次落区预报的关键,对于短时强降水导致的暴雨,要特别重视冷空气对暴雨的触发和增幅作用。[Purposes]To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the extreme heavy rainfall process,deepen the understanding of similar rainfall processes,and provide scientific ideas and methods for the observation and forecasting of processes in the future.[Methods]Using FNL reanalysis data,combined with observational data,satellite data,and numerical forecasting products,diagnostic analysis and mesoscale analysis of this process were conducted.[Findings]The heavy rainfall process was caused by the combined influence of surface troughs,upper-level cold vortices,and low-level jets.[Conclusions]The low-level jet served as a good moisture channel in this process,and mid-level dry intrusion formed an unstable layering structure with clear upward airflow;the confrontation between cold and warm air triggered three mesoscale convective cloud clusters.In the first stage,it was influenced by the local development of the convective cloud cluster,and in the second stage,the short-term intense precipitation center moved north under the influence of newly formed convective cloud clusters.Hourly extreme precipitation appeared near the cloud-top temperature gradient peak and the surface convergence line.The position of the convergence line,is crucial for forecasting the area of heavy rainfall.For extreme rainfall caused by short-term intense precipitation,special attention should be paid to the triggering and amplifying effects of cold air on heavy rainfall.

关 键 词：暴雨 中尺度对流云团 地面辐合线 

分 类 号：P445[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]