确立国家公园在自然保护地体系中的主体地位,为子孙后代留下珍贵的自然资源资产  

Ensure national park system as predominance of protected area network,hand down precious natural resource assets for future generations

作　　者：欧阳志云[1,2] 杜傲 徐卫华[1,2] OUYANG Zhiyun;DU Ao;XU Weihua(State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China;Institute of National Parks,National Forestry and Grassland Administration&Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]国家林业和草原局中国科学院国家公园研究院,北京100085

出　　处：《国家公园（中英文）》2024年第11期671-676,共6页Natinonal Park

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72241416)。

摘　　要：生物多样性是地球上所有动植物、微生物物种及其遗传变异与生态系统的总称,在保障人类生态安全、提供生态系统产品与服务、支撑经济社会可持续发展等方面具有不可替代的作用。但自工业革命以来,随着人口快速增长与大规模资源开发,生物多样性丧失加剧,地球正面临第六次生物灭绝危机。建设以国家公园为代表的自然保护地是保护生物多样性最有效的途径。为有效保护我国生物多样性与自然景观,给子孙后代留下珍贵自然资源资产,2013年十八届三中全会提出“建立国家公园体制”,将建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系作为我国生态文明建设的重要任务。研究系统梳理了国家公园发展定位的国际经验,评估了我国生态系统、重要保护物种与自然景观空间分布特征及其保护关键区域,在分析我国自然保护地体系面临问题的基础上,探讨了我国国家公园在自然保护地中的功能定位,以期为国家公园管理建设提供参考。Biodiversity is the general term for all plant,animal and microbial species,their genetic variations,and ecosystems on Earth.It plays an irreplaceable role in ensuring human ecological security,and sustainable economic and social development.But since the Industrial Revolution,with rapid population growth and large-scale resource exploitation,biodiversity loss has exacerbated,and the Earth is facing the sixth crisis of biological extinction.Establishing protected areas represented by national parks is the most effective way to conserve biodiversity and natural resources.To effectively protect China′s biodiversity and natural landscapes,and preserve precious natural resource assets for future generations,the Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed the establishment of a national park system in 2013,which regards the establishment of a natural protected area system with national parks as the dominance as an important task for China′s ecological civilization construction.This paper systematically reviews the international experience in the identification of role of national parks,evaluated the spatial distribution characteristics of biodiversity and natural landscapes in China,and identified key areas for protection.Based on the analysis of the problems faced by China′s nature protected areas,it explored the functional role of national parks in China,for the purposes provide reference for the management and construction of national parks.

关 键 词：国家公园 自然保护地 功能定位 生物多样性 

分 类 号：X36[环境科学与工程—环境工程]