氮肥配施有机肥对半干旱区旱地小麦土壤三大菌群和酶活性及产量的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer on soil microbial flora,enzyme activity and yield of dryland wheat in semi-arid area

作　　者：胡冬平 唐江华[1] 徐文修[1] 房彦飞 罗晓颖 王怀港 王晨 HU Dongping;TANG Jianghua;XU Wenxiu;FANG Yanfei;LUO Xiaoying;WANG Huaigang;WANG Chen(College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2025年第1期144-151,共8页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060448)。

摘　　要：[目的]本文旨在探究氮肥配施有机肥对半干旱区旱地冬小麦土壤微生物数量、酶活性及产量的影响。[方法]于2021年采用田间试验与室内试验相结合的方法,设置不施肥(0 kg·hm^(-2)尿素,F1)、单施氮肥(150 kg·hm^(-2)尿素,F2)、单施有机肥(30 t·hm^(-2)有机肥,F3)、氮肥配施有机肥(150 kg·hm^(-2)尿素+30 t·hm^(-2)有机肥,F4)4个施肥处理的田间试验,通过室内试验研究不同处理土壤微生物数量、酶活性、产量及其相关性的变化规律。[结果]各施肥处理较不施肥处理可明显增加土壤细菌数量(26.24%~85.82%)和放线菌数量(13.94%~47.60%),减少真菌数量(26.39%~52.78%),并提高脲酶、蔗糖酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶的活性(3.92%~30.49%、42.06%~133.71%、12.38%~26.34%、173.6%~284.21%)。氮肥配施有机肥处理小麦产量最高,达2 516.43 kg·hm^(-2),比未施肥处理增产55.51%,比单施氮肥和单施有机肥平均增产16.20%。[结论]氮肥配施有机肥更有利于增加半干旱区旱作麦田土壤微生物数量和相关酶的活性,改善土壤环境,提高土壤肥力,进而提高小麦产量。[Objectives]The paper aimed to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer on soil microbial quantity,enzyme activity and yield of winter wheat in dryland of semi-arid area,and to clarify the effects of different fertilization on soil activity and yield. [Methods]In 2021,a combination of field experiment and laboratory experiment was used to set up four fertilization treatments:no fertilization(0 kg·hm^(-2) urea,F1),single application of nitrogen fertilizer(150 kg·hm^(-2) urea,F2),single application of organic fertilizer(30 t·hm^(-2) organic fertilizer,F3),and nitrogen fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer(150 kg·hm^(-2) urea+30 t·hm^(-2) organic fertilizer,F4). Field experiments were conducted to study the changes of soil microbial quantity,enzyme activity,yield and their correlation under different treatments. [Results]Compared with no fertilization treatment,each fertilization treatment could significantly increase the number of soil bacteria(26.24%-85.82%)and actinomycetes(13.94%-47.60%),reduce the number of fungi(26.39%-52.78%),and increase the activities of urease,sucrase,phosphatase and catalase(3.92%-30.49%,42.06%-133.71%,12.38%-26.34%,173.6%-284.21%). The yield of nitrogen fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer treatment was up to 2 516.43 kg·hm^(-2),which was 55.51% higher than that of no fertilizer treatment,and 16.20% higher than those of single nitrogen fertilizer and single organic fertilizer. [Conclusions]Nitrogen fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer was more conducive to increasing the number of soil microorganisms and related enzyme activities in wheat fields in semi-arid areas,improving soil environment,improving soil fertility,and thus increasing wheat yield.

关 键 词：旱地 小麦 土壤微生物数量 酶活性 产量 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]