水稻秸秆覆盖对“阳光玫瑰”葡萄土壤和果实的影响  

Effects of Rice Straw Mulch on Soil and Fruit of Shine Muscat'Grape

作　　者：曹婷[1] 李文涛 顾克余[1] 沈宇 施庆华[1] 王永慧[1] CAO Ting;LI Wentao;GU Keyu;SHEN Yu;SHI Qinghua;WANG Yonghui(Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Coastal Area of Jiangsu Province,Yancheng,Jiangsu 224002)

机构地区：[1]江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所,江苏盐城224002

出　　处：《北方园艺》2024年第24期54-61,共8页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金资助项目(CX(22)3054)。

摘　　要：以“阳光玫瑰”葡萄为试材,采用水稻秸秆覆盖技术与当地常规铺设地布相比较方法,研究了二者在覆盖后土壤中含水量、温度、养分含量、团粒结构和果实产量品质的变化差异,以期为优化和应用葡萄园水稻秸秆覆盖技术提供参考依据。结果表明:与铺设地布相比,水稻秸秆覆盖维持土壤含水量更优,减少水分蒸发方面效果更好;水稻秸秆覆盖维持地温稳定性明显好于铺设地布,尤其在高温季节,水稻秸秆覆盖的土壤温度能够较稳定地维持不超过27℃,降温效果显著;水稻秸秆覆盖的土壤有机质含量、碱解氮含量、速效钾含量均高于对照铺设地布;水稻秸秆覆盖的土壤团聚体主要集中在小团聚体和大团聚体,且随着覆盖时间的延长,微团聚体含量显著低于铺设地布的;水稻秸秆覆盖的果实中可溶性固形物含量显著高于铺设地布,从技术成本和整体效益核算,水稻秸秆覆盖每667 m2经济效益较铺设地布增加864元。Taking‘Shine Muscat'grapes as the test material,the differences in soil moisture content,temperature,nutrient content,aggregate structure,fruit yield and quality between rice straw mulching technology and local conventional laying ground cloth were studied after mulching,in order to provide reference for optimizing and applying rice straw mulching technology in vineyards.The results showed that rice straw mulching was more effective in maintaining soil water content and reducing water evaporation than laying ground cloth;the soil temperature stability of rice straw mulch was significantly better than that of laying ground cloth,especially in the summer high temperature season,the soil temperature of rice straw mulch could be maintained less than 27°C,and the effect of maintaining temperature stability was remarkable.The contents of organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium in soil covered by rice straw were higher than those of laying ground cloth.The soil aggregates under rice straw mulch were mainly concentrated in small aggregates and large aggregates,and with the extension of mulch time,the content of micro-aggregates was significantly lower than that under the ground cloth.The soluble solids content of rice straw mulching fruit was significantly higher than that of laying ground cloth,and the economic benefit of rice straw mulching increased by 864 RMB per 667 m²compared with laying ground cloth in terms of technical cost and overall benefit.

关 键 词：葡萄 水稻秸秆 土壤团聚体 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]