20世纪以来雅典与斯巴达两极对立的话语建构——以《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》的解读为中心  

The Discourse Construction of the Rivalry between Athens and Sparta since the 20th Century:According to the Interpretation of the History of the Peloponnesian War

作　　者：白春晓 Bai Chunxiao

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《历史研究》2024年第9期28-49,M0004,共23页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金中国历史研究院重大招标项目“古代希腊政治制度研究”(22VLS013);安徽省高校杰出青年科研项目“中西古典文明价值观互鉴研究”(2023AH020031)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪,西方学界对《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》的解读逐渐从历史学拓展到国际关系学。一战和二战期间,《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》开始在西方世界引起广泛共鸣。在美苏冷战的时代语境下,公元前5世纪中后期的希腊历史被简单建构为“崛起的雅典挑战守成的斯巴达”或者“民主的雅典对抗专制的斯巴达”的两极对立。这种意识形态建构有时将美国比作斯巴达,有时又将其比作雅典,看似自相矛盾,但本质上都服务于美国追求的全球霸权。在后冷战时期,“雅典—斯巴达”对立叙事仍发挥着不可低估的作用,继续为霸权主义张目。In the 20th century,the western scholarship gradually moved the study of the History of the Peloponnesian War from the domain of history to international relations.It was during the First and Second World Wars that the History of the Peloponnesian War acquired particular resonance in the West,and in the context of the Cold War,the Greek history in the mid-to-late 5th century BC took on the bipolar opposition of a“rising Athens challenging defending Sparta”or a“democratic Athens against authoritarian Sparta”.In this ideological construction,the United States could identify with Sparta or Athens in a seeming contradiction serving the global hegemony of the United States.In the post-Cold War Era,the oppositional“Athens-Sparta”narrative continues to play an important role closely related to hegemony.

关 键 词：伯罗奔尼撒战争史 修昔底德 雅典 斯巴达 冷战 

分 类 号：K125[历史地理—历史学]