义和团运动时期英文报纸中的“大屠杀”谣言  

Rumors of“Massacre”in English Newspapers during the Yihetuan Movement

作　　者：张晓宇 Zhang Xiaoyu

机构地区：[1]山东大学历史学院

出　　处：《历史研究》2024年第9期97-118,M0005,M0006,共24页Historical Research

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“晚清英美在华领事裁判权体系中的华洋诉讼研究(1843—1912)”(21CZS034)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1900年7月后,英美各大报纸相继刊电,称在北京的外国公使全部遭到屠杀,并捏造诸多血腥细节。他们还将1857年印度“坎普尔事件”中的血腥情节搬到中国场域,大肆渲染“黄祸论”。事实上,英国驻沪总领事霍必澜将自身的推断当成事实发回国内,使谣言获得英国官方认证的“公信力”。虽然以盛宣怀和伍廷芳为代表的中国官员频频辟谣,呼吁总理衙门与公使馆接触,间接促成公使馆外半个月的“休战”,但欧美世界对谣言深信不疑,呼吁对中国进行报复。尽管北京公使馆最终解围,但谣言已然完成了其在西方世界煽动情绪和开展战争动员的功能,不可逆转地影响了八国联军侵华的历史进程。After July 1900,reports began to appear in major British and American newspapers in succession,claiming a massacre of foreign ministers in Beijing to the accompaniment of many fabricated,bloody details,drawing upon the 1857“Siege of Cawnpore”and relocating it from reality in India to China to hype the“Yellow Peril”.In fact,the British Consul General in Shanghai Pelham Laird Warren sent his own inferences back home as facts,and the British Government gave credibility to the rumors.Despite the eforts of Chinese ofcials such as Sheng Xuanhuai and Wu Tingfang to refute the rumors and call on Foreign Ofce(Zongli Yamen)to contact the foreign ministers,the result was a half-month“truce”outside the legation quarter in Beijing,with Europe and the United States credulous the rumors and calling for retaliation against China.The legation quarter were eventually rescued,but the rumors had reached their mark,incited hatred,mobilized the Western world,and irreversibly changed the course of the Eight-Nation Alliance’s invasion of China.

关 键 词：义和团运动 “大屠杀”谣言 八国联军 东南互保 盛宣怀 

分 类 号：K256.7[历史地理—历史学] G212[历史地理—中国史]