美国司法政治化下的洛克纳案历史叙事  

Historical Narratives of Lochner v.New York under U.S.Judicial Politicization

作　　者：郭巧华 Guo Qiaohua

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学社会历史学院

出　　处：《历史研究》2024年第9期142-167,M0007,共27页Historical Research

摘　　要：洛克纳诉纽约州案是1905年美国联邦最高法院判决的一起案件,曾长期被美国学界和政界视为错案,被认作司法激进主义和法官立法的典型,是美国宪法法中的“反经典”案例。随着20世纪50年代后最高法院新一轮司法能动,洛克纳案不断被发掘与重释。最高法院一直深受洛克纳案影响,无论是自由派大法官还是保守派大法官占据优势,最高法院都表现出洛克纳式的司法能动倾向。洛克纳案不断被美国学界和政界重构,以服务政治法律思想和意识形态。洛克纳案的多重历史叙事形式,充分展现了美国最高法院的司法政治化进程。The American academic and political communities have long viewed Lochner v.New York,a case decided by the Supreme Court in 1905,as a miscarriage of justice and a prime example of judicial activism,carving out for it a place in the anti-canon of U.S.Constitutional Law.With the new wave of judicial activism of the Supreme Court after the 1950s,Lochner was constantly scrutinized and reinterpreted because the Supreme Court has always been in the context of Lochner.Whether the liberal or the conservative justices were dominant,the Supreme Court has shown the tendency of Lochner’s judicial activism.Lochner has been constantly reconstructed by American scholars and political circles to serve their own ends and ideologies.The multiplicity of historical narratives surrounding Lochner paints a vivid picture of the judicial politicization of the Supreme Court of the United States.

关 键 词：美国最高法院 洛克纳诉纽约州案 司法能动 正当法律程序 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD916