基于SWAT模型的典型喀斯特流域水文响应与干旱评估——以赤水河流域为例  

Hydrological simulation and drought assessment of karst watershed based on SWAT model——a case study of Chishui River Basin

作　　者：尚朵朵 杨金礼 吴洋洋 张营 郭纯子 谷立成 唐崇熙 SHANG Duoduo;YANG Jinli;WU Yangyang;ZHANG Ying;GUO Chunzi;GU Licheng;TANG Chongxi(School of Geography and Resources,Guizhou Education University,Guiyang 550018,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Xinjiang University,Urumqi 830017,China;School of Earth System Science,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Science and Technology Consultation Center of Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission,Ministry of Water Resources of People's Republic of China,Tianjin 300170,China;Administration of Ecology and Environment of Haihe River Basin and Beihai Sea Area,Ministry of Ecology and Environment of People's Republic of China,Tianjin 300211,China;Information Center of Haihe River Water Conservancy Commission,Ministry of Water Resources of People's Republic of China,Tianjin 300170,China;Hebei Institute of Investigation&Design of Water Conservancy&Hydropower Group Limited,Tianjin 300220,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范学院地理与资源学院,贵阳550018 [2]新疆大学生态与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830017 [3]天津大学地球系统科学学院,天津300072 [4]水利部海河水利委员会科技咨询中心,天津300170 [5]生态环境部海河流域北海海域生态环境监督管理局,天津300211 [6]水利部海河水利委员会信息中心,天津300170 [7]河北省水利水电勘测设计研究院集团有限公司,天津300220

出　　处：《水科学与工程技术》2024年第6期1-5,共5页Water Sciences and Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202314223049);贵州省哲学社会科学规划年度课题重点项目(黔2024 GZZD17);贵州省省级科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2023]一般228,黔科合基础[2022]一般334,黔科中引地[2022]4031);贵州省高等学校数字乡村创新团队(黔教技[2023]076);贵州省高等学校遥感卫星人工智能应用工程研究中心(黔教技[2023]039)。

摘　　要：喀斯特地貌的赤水河流域因其独特的水文特性,对水资源管理和防旱减灾构成了严峻挑战。以赤水河流域为研究对象,评估SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool,SWAT)模型在此区域的适用性,模拟赤水河流域的日径流量变化和分析干旱年份的时空演变特征,为水资源管理提供决策支持。研究结论如下:SWAT模型在赤水河流域显示出良好的适用性,在校正期和验证期的R2和ENS值均超过了0.70,表明模型能够可靠地模拟流域的水文过程;模型所预测的逐日径流量与实际观测数据在趋势上显示出良好的一致性,特别是在6—8月的汛期,模型的预测能力表现尤为突出;经由SWAT模型计算的CI综合气象干旱指数,能够客观地反映赤水河流域干旱的时空演变特征,从而为干旱灾害的监测预警、评估工作提供有效的技术支持。The unique hydrological characteristics of the Chishui River Basin in karst topography pose challenges to water resource management and drought prevention and disaster reduction.This study takes the Hongshui River Basin as the research object,aiming to evaluate the applicability of the SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool,SWAT)model in this region,simulate the daily runoff changes in the Chishui River Basin,analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of drought years,and provide decision support for water resource management.The research conclusions are as follows:The SWAT model has shown good applicability in the Chishui River Basin,with R2 and ENS values exceeding 0.70 during the calibration and validation periods,indicating that the model can reliably simulate hydrological processes in the basin;The model can accurately simulate the hydrological changes in the Chishui River Basin,and the measured and simulated daily runoff trends are generally consistent.Especially during the main flood season from June to August,the simulation effect of the model is particularly outstanding;The CI comprehensive meteorological drought index calculated through the SWAT model can objectively reflect the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of drought in the Chishui River Basin,providing an effective tool for monitoring and evaluating drought disasters.

关 键 词：SWAT模型 赤水河流域 逐日径流量 水文模拟 干旱评估 

分 类 号：TV21[水利工程—水文学及水资源]