四川旋木雀栖息地破碎化与保护空缺分析  

Habitat Fragmentation and Protection Gap Analysis of Sichuan Treecreeper Certhia tianquanensis

作　　者：谢文冬 宋凯 朱磊 方昀[1] 敏正龙 孙悦华[1] XIE Wen-Dong;SONG Kai;ZHU Lei;FANG Yun;MIN Zheng-Long;SUN Yue-Hua(Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;College of Life Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences(Guangxi Mangrove Research Center),Nanning 530007;Gansu Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve Administration,Longnan 746400,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所动物生态与保护生物学院重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京100049 [3]广西海洋科学院(广西红树林研究中心),南宁530007 [4]甘肃白水江国家级自然保护区管理局,陇南746400

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2024年第6期817-827,共11页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.32370526)。

摘　　要：国家公园在保护旗舰物种的同时,常对同域分布的其他物种具有附带保护作用,有助于对研究匮乏物种的保护。四川旋木雀(Certhia tianquanensis)是青藏高原东南缘地区分布的中国特有鸟类,分布区域狭窄,且对原始高山针叶林具有很强的偏好性,与野生大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)的分布区存在部分重叠。人为活动导致的原始栖息地丧失正在威胁着四川旋木雀的生存,该物种已于2021年被列为国家二级重点保护野生动物。目前对于四川旋木雀栖息地选择的研究较为匮乏,但其栖息地可能受到了同域旗舰物种大熊猫的保护附带作用。为检验四川旋木雀的栖息地是否受到了良好保护,本研究利用物种分布模型结合功能性栖息地斑块分类模型对其栖息地斑块进行了预测和功能划分,并对其整体栖息地破碎化程度进行了量化。将四川旋木雀的栖息地划分为内部斑块、破碎斑块、过渡斑块、边缘斑块、穿孔斑块和其他斑块。自然保护区、国家公园与四川旋木雀分布区之间的叠加分析表明,四川旋木雀总分布面积约为195800 km^(2),其中26.9%的栖息地受到保护,受保护的栖息地类型多为内部斑块。四川旋木雀内部斑块仅约占总分布面积的18.7%,整体栖息地破碎化严重。大熊猫国家公园所保护的四川旋木雀栖息地达到四川旋木雀分布总面积的8.4%,而且基本为其核心分布区,这表明四川旋木雀受到了大熊猫国家公园旗舰物种良好的伞护作用。然而,四川旋木雀的边缘破碎化栖息地尚缺乏保护,在未来保护措施规划中应提高其边缘栖息地的连通性。[Objectives]In the process of protecting flagship species,the national park often has an ancillary protection effect on other species with similar distributions,thus promoting the conservation of species with limited research.As an endemic bird on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China,Sichuan Treecreeper Certhia tianquanensis has a narrow territory with a strong preference for pristine high-elevation coniferous forests,and part of its range coincides with that of Giant Pandas Ailuropoda melanoleuca.Loss of pristine habitat due to human activities are threatening the survival of the Sichuan Treecreeper,leading to its classification as a national Grade II wildlife species in 2021.Although the habitat selection of Sichuan Treecreeper has not been well studied,its habitat may have ancillary protection from the flagship species,Giant Pandas.[Methods]In order to verify whether this ancillary protection effect is effective in maintaining the core habitat of Sichuan Treecreeper,a species distribution model was applied,in conjunction with functional habitat patch classification model,to predict and functionally classify its habitat.In addition,the degree of overall habitat fragmentation was quantified.Five commonly used metrics,Patch number,Patch density,Landscape shape index,Largest patch index and Correlation length were selected to measure the degree of habitat fragmentation of Sichuan Treecreeper.In this study,habitat of Sichuan Treecreeper was categorized into interior patches,small patches,transitional patches,edge patches,perforated patches,and other patches of undetermined category.[Results]Overlay analysis of model predictions with protected areas showed that Sichuan Treecreeper had a total potential distribution area of approximately 195800 km^(2),with 26.9%of its habitat under protection,most of which belonged to the core patches.However,only about 18.7%of the area belonged to the core range of Sichuan Treecreeper,indicating that the overall habitat was severely fragmented(Fig.1).The inter

关 键 词：MAXENT 栖息地破碎化 伞护作用 大熊猫国家公园 四川旋木雀 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]