杭州不同城市化梯度下鸟类功能多样性差异  

Differences in Avian Functional Diversity Along Urbanization Gradients in Hangzhou,China

作　　者：马梓贺 宋凯 李欣海[2,3] 谢文冬 王逸飞 贾嘉 赵金明 方昀 张丽荣[5] 戎可 孙悦华[2] MA Zi-He;SONG Kai;LI Xin-Hai;XIE Wen-Dong;WANG Yi-Fei;JIA Jia;ZHAO Jin-Ming;FANG Yun;ZHANG Li-Rong;RONG Ke;SUN Yue-Hua(College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040;Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;College of Life Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;School of Life Sciences,Huaibei Normal University,Huaibei 235000;Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology,State Forestry Administration,Harbin 150040;Center of Biodiversity and Protected Areas,Institute of Ecological Protection and Restoration Planning,Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院,哈尔滨150040 [2]中国科学院动物研究所动物生态与保护生物学院重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学生命科学学院,北京100049 [4]淮北师范大学生命科学学院,淮北235000 [5]国家林业局野生动物保护学重点开放实验室,哈尔滨150040 [6]生态环境部环境规划院,生态保护修复规划研究所,生物多样性与自然保护地研究中心,北京100012

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2024年第6期843-856,共14页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：杭州市生物多样性保护与调查评估项目(No.E390631134)。

摘　　要：随着全球城市化的发展,城区面积不断扩大,城市周围自然栖息地受到挤压,面积减小并且变得破碎化。城市化进程会对生态系统功能产生重大影响,很可能导致鸟类被迫适应城市生境并出现功能性状的同质化。我们对杭州三种不同城市化梯度的样地进行鸟类调查,其中包括15个市区样地、15个近郊样地和15个远郊样地。计算不同城市化程度下不同区域的鸟类物种丰富度和功能多样性,并对比市区、近郊和远郊样地鸟类功能性状的差异,探究哪些功能性状会影响鸟类适应城市化生境。研究发现,远郊样地的鸟类物种丰富度水平最高,但是近郊样地拥有更高的鸟类功能丰富度。虽然市区的物种丰富度和功能多样性低于近郊和远郊样地,但市区的物种组成占总体比例也较高,较高程度的城市绿化支撑了一定程度的鸟类物种多样性水平。市区、近郊和远郊区域鸟类在巢址选择、集群情况和食性方面差异较大。相对于近郊和远郊区域鸟类,市区鸟类更倾向于选择在树冠筑巢,而不是地面或灌丛,并且倾向于形成更大的集群。在食性方面,市区鸟类取食花果占比相对较高,取食无脊椎动物相对占比较低。我们没有发现市区、近郊和远郊区域样地鸟类在体征上存在显著差异。[Objectives]With the development of global urbanization,urban areas are constantly expanding,and natural habitats around cities are being squeezed,resulting in a decrease in area and an increase in fragmentation.The process of urbanization will have a significant impact on ecosystem functions,which may lead to birds being forced to adapt to urban habitats and exhibiting homogenization of functional traits.However,there is relatively little research on the impact of urbanization on birds in China,especially on the functional traits through which urbanization will affect birds.Therefore,this study aims to understand the differences in bird species richness and functional diversity under urbanization gradients,and whether it supports the moderate disturbance hypothesis.Also,the study compares the differences in functional traits of birds in urban,suburban,and outskirts to explore which functional traits will affect birds’adaptation to urban habitats.[Methods]We conducted bird surveys on three different urbanization intensity patches in Hangzhou,including 15 urban patches,15 suburban patches,and 15 outskirt patches.Each urban survey area with varying levels of urbanization disturbance includes 3 patches of lake water habitats,5 patches of mountain habitats,and 7 patches of green habitats.We calculate the species richness and functional diversity of birds in different urbanization levels in the region and compare the differences in functional traits of birds in urban,suburban,and outlying patches to explore which functional traits will affect the adaptation of birds to urban habitats.Bird surveys were conducted in November 2022,January to February 2023,March to April 2023,and June 2023.We designed a 1.5 km long survey transect of equal intensity for each patch and recorded the bird species and numbers seen or heard on both sides of the lines.We calculated the species functional richness,functional dispersion,Rao’s Quadratic Entropy,and Community Weighted Mean for each patch to evaluate the diversity of bird commun

关 键 词：城市化 功能性状 功能多样性 鸟类多样性 杭州 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]