海南尖峰岭椰子狸的活动规律  

Activity Regularity of Common Palm Civets in Jianfengling,Hainan,China

作　　者：杨海婷 颜文博 曾治高[2] 莫世琴 薛少亮 王琦[1] 梁春生 黄祝礼 李自力 陆振飞 揭英武 莫世亮 朱深强 YANG Hai-Ting;YAN Wen-Bo;ZENG Zhi-Gao;MO Shi-Qin;XUE Shao-Liang;WANG Qi;LIANG Chun-Sheng;HUANG Zhu-Li;LI Zi-Li;LU Zhen-Fei;JIE Ying-Wu;MO Shi-Liang;ZHU Shen-Qiang(Shaanxi University of Technology,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources,Hanzhong 723000;Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;Jianfengling Branch Bureau of Hainan Tropical Rain Forest National Park Service,Ledong 572542,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西理工大学,陕西省资源生物重点实验室,汉中723000 [2]中国科学院动物研究所动物生态与保护生物学院重点实验室,北京100101 [3]海南热带雨林国家公园管理局尖峰岭分局,乐东572542

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2024年第6期887-896,共10页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(No.321RC667);海南国家公园研究院科研项目(No.KY-24ZK01);2019年中央财政林业改革发展资金尖峰岭珍稀濒危野生动植物保护项目[动合(科)2020-0312]。

摘　　要：椰子狸(Paradoxurus hermaphroditus)是国家二级重点保护野生动物,在中国生物多样性红色名录中被列为濒危(EN)级,当前有关该物种的生态研究资料非常有限。从2020年11月到2022年10月在海南尖峰岭采用红外相机陷阱法监测并分析了椰子狸的活动规律。研究期间共获得椰子狸的独立有效照片637次,旱季和雨季分别为376次和261次。研究结果表明:海南尖峰岭椰子狸主要营独栖生活(98.90%),偶见成对或带崽以小群形式活动。椰子狸的活动受海拔及人类干扰的显著影响,与海拔高度呈正相关,而与人类干扰强度呈负相关。椰子狸活动的海拔高度在旱、雨季之间不存在显著差异,但人类干扰强度对椰子狸活动的影响存在明显的季节差异。在低干扰区,椰子狸旱季的活动强度显著大于雨季;而在高干扰区,旱、雨季差异不明显。旱季高干扰区域椰子狸的活动强度小于低干扰区域,而雨季椰子狸活动强度不存在区域差异。椰子狸每日主要集中在19:00时至次日6:00时之间活动,晨昏各有一个活动高峰,呈现典型的夜行性,偶见(1.73%)昼间活动。本研究初步掌握了海南尖峰岭椰子狸的活动规律,为该物种的保护管理提供了基础的科学资料。[Objectives]The Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus has been recently listed as a Class-ⅡNational Key Protected Wildlife in China,assessed as an“Endangered(EN)”species by China’s Red List of Biodiversity.Currently,there is still a lack of research on its field ecology in China.The objectives of this study are to improve the understanding of the grouping pattern and daily activity rhythms of the Common Palm Civets,and investigate the effects of elevation,human disturbances and seasons on their activities in Jianfengling,Hainan,China.[Methods]From November 2020 to October 2022,the camera trapping method was used to study the activity pattern of the Common Palm Civet in Jianfengling,and 150 infrared cameras were deployed in areas of high level of animal activity,with cameras spaced at intervals of 500 m or more.Infrared camera data were collected every 4 months.Kernel density estimation was used to plot daily activity rhythms of the species in dry and rainy seasons,and seasonal differences in activity rhythms were analyzed by comparing the overlapping degree of daily activity curves of Common Palm Civets in the dry and rainy seasons.Their activity intensity was expressed as the ratio of the number of valid detections per camera site to the total number of valid detections.The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze inter-regional and seasonal differences in elevations at the activity sites of Common Palm Civets,and the effects of human disturbance on their activity intensity as well as its seasonal difference.Generalized linear model was used to analyze the effects of elevation and human disturbances on their activity.[Results]A total of 637 independent valid photos of the Common Palm Civets were obtained,376 in the dry season and 261 in the rainy season.The results showed that Common Palm Civets in Jianfengling were predominantly solitary(98.90%),and occasionally in small groups of 2﹣4 ind.Their activities were significantly affected by elevation and human interferences,being correlated positivel

关 键 词：椰子狸 活动特征 活动节律 红外相机 人类干扰 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]