基于卫星跟踪的长江下游丘陵地区野放獐的活动规律研究及失联案例分析  

Case Study of Activities and Lost Contact of Wild Released Water Deer in the Hilly Areas of the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Based on Satellite Tracking

作　　者：刘慧宇 李梅荣 陈蓉 陈月龙 胡心怡 胡华丽 武大伟 鲁长虎[1] LIU Hui-Yu;LI Mei-Rong;CHEN Rong;CHEN Yue-Long;HU Xin-Yi;HU Hua-Li;WU Da-Wei;LU Chang-Hu(Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037;Nanjing Hongshan Forest Zoo,Nanjing 210028,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学,南京210037 [2]南京市红山森林动物园,南京210028

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2024年第6期897-907,共11页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：2023年江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目(No.KYCX23_1116)。

摘　　要：獐(Hydropotes inermis)是国家二级重点保护野生动物,将人工饲养的獐野外放归有助于恢复野外种群数量。本研究在长江下游宁镇丘陵宝华山地区,分别于2022年10月和11月共放归14只獐,其中6只佩戴卫星跟踪器,2023年5月放归2只佩戴卫星跟踪器个体,共野化放归了16只人工饲养獐。对野放后獐的活动规律、海拔以及活动范围进行了跟踪研究。研究结果显示:截止2023年11月末,跟踪的8只个体有7只停止返回信号,1只仍有正常活动,实地搜索停止返回信号的跟踪器,发现2只个体的尸体和另一个体的跟踪器,4只失联原因不明。野放獐整体活动高峰期出现在3:00~6:00时段和15:00~18:00时段,在9:00~12:00时段的活动量最低;野放獐活动的海拔范围在100~150 m,并不到海拔较高的区域活动;不同季节野放獐活动范围面积大小不同,春季(0.693±0.220)km^(2)、夏季(0.557±0.170)km^(2)、秋季(0.473±0.036)km^(2)、冬季(0.639±0.118)km^(2);野放獐繁殖期活动范围面积为(0.676±0.193)km^(2),非繁殖期活动范围面积为(0.562±0.073)km^(2),繁殖期与非繁殖期之间的活动范围面积不存在显著差异。从野放效果来看,虽然在野放工作前开展了必要的准备工作,如检查动物的身体状况以判断是否达到野放标准,并进行了一定时期的野化训练以帮助其适应野外生活,但是野放成功率依然较低。因此,獐的野放不仅需要选择适宜的野放季节和地点,还要充分评估野放地点的隐蔽条件和人为干扰程度等影响因子,并要加强管理与保护力度,减少人为干扰,以提高其成活率。[Objectives]Hydropotes inermis is a national second-class protected wild animal.Releasing captive-bred H.inermis into the wild can help restore wild populations.To study the activity patterns,altitude preferences,and home range of wild released H.inermis,we reintroduced 16 captive-bred individuals into Baohua Mountain in the Ningzhen Hills along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.Fourteen of these H.inermis(six equipped with satellite trackers)were released in October and November 2022,and two(both with satellite trackers)in May 2023.[Methods]Data on positioning times and activity levels were organized and summarized,creating daily activity rhythm charts for the H.inermis,and a normality test was conducted using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method.The significance of differences in daily activity rhythms across different seasons was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA).The latitude and longitude data were imported into ArcGIS to calculate the elevation of each point,and the activity range maps were generated using R software and imported into ArcGIS for area calculation.The significance of differences among seasonal activity range areas was analyzed using one-way ANOVA,and the difference between breeding and non-breeding periods was examined using independent sample t-tests.[Results]From the initial release on October 13,2022,to November 24,2023,only one H.inermis individual continued to transmit signals,while 7 ind had stopped sending signals.Among those 7 ind,the dead bodies of 2 ind and the tracker of another were found,and 4 ind were missing(Table 2).The overall activity peaks for H.inermis in Baohua Mountain occurred between 03:00﹣06:00 and 15:00﹣18:00,with the lowest level of activity observed between 09:00﹣12:00(Fig.2).The elevation range of the wild released H.inermis was between 100 and 150 m,with no individual venturing into higher elevations(Fig.4).The home range area varied by season,with average area was 0.693±0.220 km^(2) in spring,0.557±0.170 km²in summer,0.473±0.036 km²in au

关 键 词：獐 野化放归 卫星跟踪 活动规律 失联 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]