高寒草甸同域分布的高原鼢鼠和高原鼠兔营养生态位及其种间关系  

Trophic Niches and Interspecific Relationships of Sympatric Plateau Pika Ochotona curzoniae and Plateau Zokor Myospalax baileyi in Alpine Meadows

作　　者：周睿 宋梅玲 王玉琴 王宏生[1] 马源 ZHOU Rui;SONG Mei-Ling;WANG Yu-Qin;WANG Hong-Sheng;MA Yuan(Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary,Qinghai University(Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary),State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院(青海省畜牧兽医科学院),省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,西宁810016

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2024年第6期908-918,共11页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：青海省科学技术厅项目(No.2022-ZJ-964Q);青海大学青年科研基金项目(No.2021-QNY-7);青海省“高端创新人才”计划项目。

摘　　要：了解同域分布高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)和高原鼢鼠(Myospalax baileyi)的营养生态位竞争关系,对于正确认识高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠在草地生态系统中的功能和位置,以及科学界定其危害具有重要意义。本研究选择青藏高原高寒草甸优势鼠种——高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠为研究对象,利用稳定同位素(13C和15N)技术研究二者的营养生态位及种间关系。结果表明:(1)高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠肝、肌肉、指甲、毛发和骨骼5种组织中稳定氮同位素(δ^(15)N)和稳定碳同位素(δ^(13)C)值在其肝中富集的时间最短,在指甲和骨骼中富集的时间最长,且高原鼠兔上述各组织的δ^(15)N值均显著低于高原鼢鼠,而δ^(13)C值均显著高于高原鼢鼠;(2)高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠5种组织中,不同组织的营养层次(NR)、摄食来源的多样性水平(CR)、δ^(13)C/δ^(15)N围成的凸多边形总面积(TA)和标准椭圆面积(SEA)由小到大顺序均为:肝、肌肉、指甲、毛发、骨骼,且高原鼠兔5种组织的上述4种指标均显著低于高原鼢鼠;(3)高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠在肝、肌肉和指甲组织中不存在营养生态位重叠现象,而二者在毛发和骨骼组织中营养生态位重叠度分别为0.92‰2和1.17‰2,且均在雄性种群间发生重叠。综上所述,高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠的营养生态位仅在长时间尺度上存在重叠,而在短时间尺度上存在明显分化现象。[Objectives]Understanding the competitive relationship of the sympatric Plateau Pika Ochotona curzoniae and Plateau Zokor Myospalax baileyi in their nutritional ecological niches is of significant importance for a proper comprehension of their roles and positions within the grassland ecosystem,as well as scientifically defining their potential hazards.[Methods]This study selected the dominant rodent species in the alpine meadows of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(Plateau Pika and Plateau Zokor),as research subjects,utilizing stable isotopes(^(13)C and ^(15)N)technology to investigate their nutritional ecological niches and interspecific relationships.[Results]Results showed that:(1)Enrichment of 15N and 13C stable isotopes in various tissues of the Plateau Pika and Plateau Zokor was shortest in their livers and longest in their claws and bones.Theδ^(15)N values in all tissues of the Plateau Pika were significantly lower than those of the Plateau Zokor,whileδ^(13)C values were significantly higher;(2)Within the tissues of the Plateau Pika and Plateau Zokor,the order of nutritional levels(NR),dietary diversity levels(CR),total area of the convex polygon formed byδ^(13)C/δ^(15)N(TA),and standardized ellipse area(SEA)were:liver<muscle<claws<fur<bones,and all four indicators in the Plateau Pika’s tissues were significantly lower than those in the Plateau Zokor(Table 2);(3)There was no nutritional niche overlap in liver,muscle and claw tissues of Plateau Pika and Plateau Zokor,but the degree of nutritional niche overlap in hair and bone tissues was 0.92‰²and 1.17‰^(2),respectively(Fig.2).And they all overlap among male populations.[Conclusion]To sum up,the nutritional niche of Plateau Pika and Plateau Zokor overlap only on a long timescale,while there is obvious differentiation on a short time scale.

关 键 词：高寒草甸 高原鼢鼠 高原鼠兔 营养生态位 稳定同位素 贝叶斯椭圆 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]