微塑料在土壤中的赋存特征、吸附和迁移机制  

Occurrence,adsorption and transport mechanism of microplastics in soil

作　　者：王储 刘霞[1] 王萌[1] 刘慕涵 闫志永 赵雅婷 赵茹碧 蒋凤华 代燕辉[1] 岳同涛 赵建[1,2] Chu Wang;Xia Liu;Meng Wang;Muhan Liu;Zhiyong Yan;Yating Zhao;Rubi Zhao;Fenghua Jiang;Yanhui Dai;Tongtao Yue;Jian Zhao(Institute of Costal Environ Pollut Control,Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Pilot National Laboratory,Qingdao 266071,China;Research Centre for Marine Living Resources and Environment,The First Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Qingdao 266061,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学,近海环境污染控制研究所,海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,青岛266100 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,青岛266071 [3]自然资源部第一海洋研究所,海洋生物资源与环境研究中心,青岛266061

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2024年第12期2463-2479,共17页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(编号:U2106213);自然资源部海洋生态环境科学与技术重点实验室开放基金(编号:MEEST202302);山东省“泰山学者”计划(编号:tsqn201909051);山东省自然科学基金青年基金(编号:ZR2020QD128)资助项目。

摘　　要：塑料污染已成为备受关注的全球环境问题,土壤是塑料的主要汇集地之一,进入到土壤中的塑料会经过物理、化学和生物老化过程降解为微塑料.由于微塑料具有粒径小、难降解等特点,容易吸附土壤环境中共存的污染物,如有机污染物和重金属等,进而发生共迁移.本文总结了微塑料在全球不同地区土壤中的赋存特征,并探讨了土壤中微塑料的可能来源(农业地膜、工业活动、污水污泥等);归纳了土壤中微塑料对共存有机污染物和重金属的吸附机制以及影响因素(微塑料的理化性质和环境条件),微塑料吸附有机污染物和重金属的机制均包括孔隙填充作用、范德华力、静电力和阳离子-π键.除此之外,微塑料吸附有机污染物的机制还包括疏水作用、分配作用、氢键、π-π键、卤素键、负电荷辅助氢键和CH/π键;而络合(螯合)作用和离子交换在微塑料吸附重金属过程中起到了重要作用.综述了微塑料在土壤中的迁移机制(物理截留、静电力、疏水作用、氢键和络合作用等)以及影响因素;并进一步讨论了微塑料吸附和迁移行为对土壤理化性质及其生态毒性的影响.最后,对土壤中微塑料环境行为研究进行了展望.本文对于客观评价微塑料在土壤中的归趋和生态风险具有重要意义.Plastic pollution has become a global environmental problem of great concern.Soil is one of the main sinks of plastics,in which plastics can be broken into microplastics(MPs)by physical,chemical and biological degradation.Because MPs have the characteristics of small particle size and difficult degradation,they can exist in the soil for a long time,and it is easy to adsorb the coexisting pollutants(heavy metals and organic pollutants,etc.)in the soil environment,and then co-transport.This study provided a comprehensive review of the methods for detecting MPs in soil and the occurrence characteristics of MPs in soil in various regions around the world.Agricultural plastic film,industrial activities and sewage sludge may all be important sources of MPs in soil.In addition,the adsorption mechanism of MPs on coexisting organic pollutants and heavy metals in soil as well as its influencing factors was comprehensively summarized.Organic pollutants and heavy metals could be effectively adsorbed by MPs through pore filling,van der Waals interaction,electrostatic interaction and cation-πbonds.Moreover,the mechanisms of MPs adsorbing organic pollutants also involved hydrophobic interaction,distribution interaction,hydrogen bond,π-πinteraction,halogen bond,negatively charged hydrogen bond and CH/πinteraction,while complexation(chelation)and ion exchange played an important role in the adsorption of heavy metals by MPs.The properties of MPs and environmental conditions all affected the adsorption of organic pollutants and heavy metals by MPs.The transport mechanism of MPs in soil and its influencing factors were well reviewed.The physical and chemical properties of MPs,soil properties and environmental factors affected the transport of microplastics in soil.The effects of adsorption and transport behavior of MPs on soil physical and chemical properties and ecological toxicity were further discussed.Finally,the researches on the environmental behavior of microplastics in soil were envisioned.This paper is of great signifi

关 键 词：微塑料 赋存 吸附 迁移 天然有机质 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X131.3