汉语“图书馆”术语的起源及其在中日两国的传播与普及  

Origin of the Term“Tu Shu Guan”in Chinese and its Dissemination and Popularization in China and Japan

作　　者：李佳璐 江向东[1,2] 洪秋兰[2] Li Jialu;Jiang Xiangdong;Hong Qiulan(Fujian Normal University Library,Fuzhou 350117;Department of Library Science,School of Social History,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学图书馆,福州350117 [2]福建师范大学社会历史学院图书馆学系,福州350117

出　　处：《图书情报工作》2024年第24期55-65,共11页Library and Information Service

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“面向文化强国的中国图书馆学学科特色发展战略研究”(项目编号:22BTQ035)研究成果之一。

摘　　要：[意义/目的]汉语“图书馆”一词是中国图书馆学研究中最基本和最关键的术语,它的词源属性也是中国图书馆史研究中无法回避的重要问题之一。因此,明确“图书馆”一词的起源,揭示其在中日两国的传播路径,并确定其词源属性,有助于深化中国图书馆史的研究。[方法/过程]采用考据学、文献学和词源学研究方法,在对学术史进行回顾的基础上,对该术语的首见书证和明、清时期的使用例进行考证;书籍是传播术语的最重要载体,对载有“图书馆”一词的首见书证——黄庭坚诗集在日本的注释活动和刊刻活动进行系统梳理,对该术语在近代中日两国的定型与普及进行了分析;利用词源学研究方法,从词源角度出发论证了该术语的词源属性。[结果/结论]从词源学角度而言,只要某术语最早出自中文典籍,后来该典籍又传入日本,明治时期被日本人采用作为西方术语的对译词,基本上就可以判定该术语属于“回归侨词”,即“中日互动词”。因此,“图书馆”一词,并非“和制汉语”,而是“回归侨词”。[Purpose/Significance]The term“Tu Shu Guan”in Chinese is the most fundamental and pivotal term in library science in China.Its etymological attributes represent one of the significant issues that cannot be ignored in the study of Chinese library history.The objective of this paper is to elucidate the etymology of the term“Tu Shu Guan”to delineate its dissemination in China and Japan,and to ascertain its linguistic attributes,which will facilitate a more profound understanding of Chinese library history.[Method/Process]This paper used methods of textology,bibliography,and etymology to review the academic history and examine its initial documentary evidence for the term,and examples of its use during the Ming and Qing dynasties.As books were the most important carrier for the dissemination of the term,a systematic analysis of Huang Tingjian’s poems in Japan was conducted to investigate the annotation and publication activities of the poems and to analyze the stereotypes and popularity of the term“Tu Shu Guan”in China and Japan in the modern era.The etymological attributes of the term were then argued from an etymological point of view using the etymological research method.[Result/Conclusion]From an etymological perspective,it can be argued that a term is a“returned word”(Sino-Japanese interactive word),as long as a term originally appeared in Chinese literature,was later introduced to Japan,and was adopted by the Japanese during the Meiji period as a translation of a Western term.Thus,the term“Tu Shu Guan”is not a“Japanese word”but a“returned word,”or“Sino-Japanese interactive word”.

关 键 词：图书馆 图书馆史 术语 回归侨词 

分 类 号：G259.29[文化科学—图书馆学]