税收激励与人力资本结构  

Tax Incentives and Human Capital Structure

作　　者：李思慧[1] 李佳慧 徐保昌 LI Si-hui;LI Jia-hui;XU Bao-chang(Institute of World Economy,Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Social Sciences,Nanjing 210004,China;School of Economics,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266061,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省社会科学院世界经济研究所,江苏南京210004 [2]青岛大学经济学院,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《税务与经济》2024年第6期16-27,共12页Taxation and Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(71903105);泰山学者工程专项经费项目(tsqn202306167);安徽省哲学社会科学规划办项目(AHSKQ2022D032)。

摘　　要：职工教育经费税前扣除政策的主要目的在于鼓励企业加大职工教育投入,特别是培养高技能人才,这对人力资本结构优化升级具有重要的现实意义。利用2018年职工教育经费税前扣除这一外生政策冲击构建双重差分模型,考察税收激励对企业人力资本结构的影响及作用机制。研究发现:受职工教育经费税前扣除政策的影响,非高新技术企业的研究生及大学生学历员工比例显著提升、高中及以下学历员工比例显著下降,从而促进了企业人力资本结构的优化。影响机制检验发现,职工教育经费税前扣除政策主要通过缓解融资约束与增加企业资本投入来促进人力资本结构的优化。异质性检验发现,职工教育经费税前扣除政策对企业人力资本结构的优化作用在非国有企业中的表现更为突出。The main purpose of the pre-tax deduction policy for employee education expenses is to encourage enterprises to increase investment in employee education,especially to cultivate high-skilled talents,which will have important practical significance for the optimization and upgrading of human capital structure.This paper uses the exogenous policy impact of pre-tax deduction of employee education expenses in 2018 to construct a difference-indifference model to investigate the impact and mechanism of tax incentives on the human capital structure of enterprises.The results show that the proportion of employees with graduate and college degrees has increased significantly and the proportion of employees with high school education or below in non-high-tech enterprises has decreased significantly due to the pre-tax deduction policy for employee education expenses,thus promoting the optimization of the human capital structure of enterprises.The test of the impact mechanism shows that the pre-tax deduction policy has mainly promoted the optimization of human capital structure by alleviating financing constraints and increasing enterprise capital investment.The heterogeneity test shows that the optimization effect of the pre-tax deduction policy on the human capital structure of enterprises is mainly reflected in non-state-owned enterprises.

关 键 词：职工教育经费 税前扣除政策 税收激励 人力资本结构 

分 类 号：F810.42[经济管理—财政学] F272