用于屏蔽宇宙射线的超导磁体设计  

Superconducting magnet design for shielding from cosmic rays

作　　者：杭子阳 富兰克林·米勒 保罗·德西亚蒂 埃琳娜D’翁吉亚 约翰M.弗顿豪威尔 申运伟 罗子昀(译) 申运伟(校) Hang Ziyang;Franklin Miller;Paolo Desiati;Elena D’Onghia;John M.Pfotenhauer;Shen Yunwei(Translator);Luo Ziyun;Proofreader:Shen Yunwei(Proofreader)(Department of Mechanical Engineering,University of Wisconsin-Madison,Madison 53706,United States of America;Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center(WIPAC),Madison 53703,United States of America;Department of Physics,University of Wisconsin-Madison,Madison 53706,United States of America;Department of Astronomy&Physics,University of Wisconsin-Madison,Madison 53706,United States of America;Cryogenic Center,Hangzhou City University,Hangzhou 310015,China;Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,China)

机构地区：[1]美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校机械工程系,美国麦迪逊53706 [2]美国威斯康星冰立方粒子天体物理中心,美国麦迪逊53703 [3]美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校物理系,美国麦迪逊53706 [4]美国威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校天文物理系,美国麦迪逊53706 [5]浙大城市学院低温中心,杭州310015 [6]浙江大学制冷与低温研究所,杭州310027

出　　处：《低温工程》2024年第6期1-13,72,共14页Cryogenics

摘　　要：为满足长期太空飞行需要,设计了一个超导磁体阵列用来减少宇宙射线对太空飞船的影响。8个线圈排列成一个哈尔巴赫阵列,环绕在飞船周围,在阵列外产生强磁场,同时在飞船的栖息舱产生弱磁场。8个线圈中,呈椭圆形的线圈长半轴为4 m,短半轴为2 m;呈圆形的线圈半径为3 m。线圈在40 K温度下工作时可产生10 T的峰值磁场同时可储存约5 MJ能量。线圈使用圆芯导体布线(CORC)方法绕制,通过每个绕组的总电流为1×10^(7)A。根据热负荷分析,超导线圈的热负荷主要来自太阳辐射、接头处电阻焦耳热以及电流引线传导热量,合计超过100 W。为在40 K提供必要冷量,探索了多种低温制冷机方案,包括逆布雷顿制冷机,混合斯特林/泵送氦冷却器和环路热声制冷机。An array of superconducting magnets is being designed to deflect cosmic rays from spaceships involved in long-term space travel.The eight low-aspect ratio solenoids are arranged in a Halbach array surrounding the spaceship and produce a large magnetic field outside of the array while enabling a low magnetic field in the habitat region of the spaceship.Each of the coils,ellip-tical in shape with a 4 m,2 m semi-major and semi-minor radius,and circular in shape with a 3 m radius,will operate at 40 K,produce a peak field of 10tesla,and store about 5MJ of energy when fully charged.The Conductor on Round Core Cabling(CORC)approach is used to wind the coils and the total current threading through each winding pack needs to be 1×10^(7) amps.Estimates of the heat load associated with the coils from incident solar flux,internally generated resistive heat-ing at the joints,and associated with the current leads,exceed 100 watts.A variety of cryocooler options are being explored to provide the necessary cooling at 40 K,including a Reverse Brayton cycle cooler,a hybrid Stirling/Pumped Helium cooler,and a looped thermo-acoustic cooler.

关 键 词：超导 低温制冷机 航天航空 

分 类 号：TB611[一般工业技术—制冷工程]