湟水河流域废弃矿山盐渍土改良技术研究  

Research on saline soil improvement technology in abandoned mines in the Huangshui River Basin

作　　者：史立群 袁二军 彭红明 查春雷 金鹏 屈宏飞 吕荣久 SHI Liqun;YUAN Erjun;PENG Hongming;ZHA Chunlei;JIN Peng;QU Hongfei;LYU Rongjiu(Qinghai Bureau of Environmental Geology Exploration,Qinghai Engineering Research Center of Geoenvironment Protection and Geohazard Prevention,Xining 810001,China;Qinghai 906 Engineering Survey and Design Institute,Xining 810001,China;School of Geological Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Geological Survey,Xining 810001,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省环境地质勘查局/青海省地质环境保护与灾害防治工程技术研究中心,青海西宁810001 [2]青海九零六工程勘察设计院有限责任公司,青海西宁810001 [3]青海大学地质工程学院,青海西宁810016 [4]青海省地质调查局,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《中国矿业》2024年第12期163-172,共10页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：湟水河流域护坡植物降盐效应及其增强边坡稳定性研究项目资助(编号:k152407)。

摘　　要：以湟水河流域存在盐渍土的某废弃矿山为研究对象,筛选出适宜气候条件且长势较好的7种草本植物和3种灌木植物,通过在矿山自建试验区,对10种植物采用单一种植和组合种植的方式,分析土体和植物样品中K^(+)、Ca^(2+)、Na^(+)、Mg^(2+)、SO_(4)^(2-)、Cl^(-)、HCO_(3)^(-)和CO_(3)^(2-)等8种易溶盐离子含量和全盐量的变化特征,探讨不同种植条件下对盐渍土的改良效果,从而达到对废弃矿山复垦的作用。研究结果表明:单一种植条件下,碱蓬、垂穗披碱草和草地早熟禾对矿山土体8种易溶盐离子含量和全盐量的降低幅度相对较高;组合种植条件下,组合4对土体8种易溶盐离子含量和全盐量的降低幅度最高;植物根系和茎叶中8种易溶盐离子含量和全盐量的大小顺序无明显特征,而结合植物的生物量,可判断出单一种植的碱蓬和组合种植的组合4降盐效果最好,是研究区土地盐渍化治理的优势植物或组合,可作为该废弃矿山复垦的手段之一。Taking an abandoned mine with saline soil in Huangshui River Basin as the research object,seven kinds of herb plants and three kinds of shrub plants with good growth and suitable climatic conditions are selected.Through the self-established experimental zone of mine,ten kinds of plants are planted by single planting and combined planting.The change characteristics of eight kinds of soluble salt ions and total salt content including K^(+),Ca^(2+),Na^(+),Mg^(2+),SO_(4)^(2-),Cl^(-),HCO_(3)^(-),and CO_(3)^(2-)in soil and plant samples are analyzed,and the improvement effect on saline soil under different planting conditions is discussed,so as to achieve the role of reclamation of abandoned mines.The results show that under the condition of single planting,Suaeda salsa,Elymus nutans and Poa pratensis have a relatively high reduction in the content of eight kinds of soluble salt ions and total salt content in the soil.Under the conditions of combined planting,combination No.4 has the highest reduction of eight kinds of soluble salt ions content and total salt content in soil.The order of eight kinds of soluble salt ions content and total salt content in plant roots,stems and leaves has no obvious characteristics.Combined with the biomass of plants,it could be concluded that the single planting of Suaeda glauca and the combined planting of combination No.4 have the best salt reduction effect,which is the dominant plant or combination for land salinization control in the study area,and could be used as one of the means of reclamation of the abandoned mine.

关 键 词：湟水河流域 废弃矿山 盐渍土改良 植物种植 易溶盐离子 

分 类 号：TD88[矿业工程—矿山开采] X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]