采动边坡损伤变形的声发射演化特征及稳定性研究  

Study on acoustic emission evolution characteristics and stability of damage deformation of mining slope

作　　者：黄科辉 李俊鹏 黄建英 陈建春 闫晶晶 高海东 HUANG Kehui;LI Junpeng;HUANG Jianying;CHEN Jianchun;YAN Jingjing;GAO Haidong(Jiangxi Institute of Nuclear Industry Geological Survey,Nanchang 330038,China;Landslide Geological Disaster Prevention Engineering Technology Research Center of Nanchang,Nanchang 330108,China;Shanxi College of Technology,Shuozhou 036000,China;Coalfield Geological Survey and Research Institute of Jiangxi,Nanchang 330096,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省核工业地质调查院,江西南昌330038 [2]南昌市滑坡地质灾害防治工程技术研究中心,江西南昌330108 [3]山西工学院,山西朔州036000 [4]江西省煤田地质勘察研究院,江西南昌330096

出　　处：《中国矿业》2024年第12期198-207,共10页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：山西省科技厅项目资助(编号:2021L605,2023L424);企业攻关项目资助(编号:20220024,20230012)。

摘　　要：露天开采因生产条件好、成本低、规模大、资源回收率高等优点,为矿产资源采出和国民经济发展提供了重要支撑,在适宜地质条件下被广泛采用,但受采动边坡独特的地形构造影响,在开采扰动下易发生损伤变形现象。主要体现在宏观、细观两方面,宏观破坏因尺度大等原因直观可见,容易辨识,而细观破坏则不易被快速捕捉,当大量细观破坏汇聚就会给露天开采带来极大安全隐患,严重制约着资源高效回收。鉴于此,本文以某矿地质赋存及生产技术条件为背景,综合运用室内力学试验、物理模拟和数值模拟及现场实测等手段对露天开采下采动边坡的损伤变形及其稳定性进行研究,揭示了边坡岩层介质的细观破坏、微观破坏规律与采动边坡损伤变形之间的关系,明确了其诱发机理和开采扰动与采动边坡裂隙滋生、扩展的对应规律,获得了受采动影响边坡主要破坏区域位于1555平盘和1565平盘处,其中,物理模拟和数值模拟及现场实测所得1555平盘的变形值分别为1.170 m、1.416 m和1.389 m,差值较小,可以相互验证,其破坏特征表现为滑移-拉裂型,由此形成了采动边坡全周期稳定性评价体系,为实现露天矿安全、高效生产提供了依据。Due to the advantages of good production conditions,low cost,large scale and high resource recovery rate,open-pit mining provides important support for mineral resources extraction and national economic development.It is widely used under suitable geological conditions.However,due to the unique topographic structure of mining slope,damage and deformation are prone to occur under the disturbance of mining.It is mainly reflected in macroscopic and microscopic.Macroscopic damage is visually visible and easy to identify due to the large scale and other reasons,while microscopic damage is not easy to be quickly captured.When a large number of microscopic damage is gathered,it will bring great security risks to open-pit mining and seriously restrict the efficient recovery of resources.In view of this,based on the geological occurrence and production technical conditions of a mine,this paper comprehensively uses indoor mechanical test,physical and numerical simulation and field measurement to study the damage,deformation and stability of mining slope under open-pit mining,and reveals the relationship between the fine and microscopic failure laws of rock strata and the damage and deformation of mining slope.The induced mechanism and corresponding law between mining disturbance and crack breeding and expansion of mining slope are defined.It is obtained that the main failure areas of slope affected by mining are located at 1555 and 1565 flat plates,among which the deformation values of 1555 flat plates obtained by physical and numerical simulation and field measurement are 1.170 m,1.416 m and 1.389 m,respectively,with small difference.It can be verified by each other,and its failure characteristics are slip-pull fracture type,which forms a full-cycle stability evaluation system of mining slope,and provides a basis for realizing safe and efficient production of open-pit mine.

关 键 词：露天开采 声发射 采动边坡 损伤变形 稳定性 

分 类 号：TD804[矿业工程—矿山开采]