电极旋转开断方式对真空电弧形态及电极表面烧蚀的影响  

The Influence of Electrode Rotational Interruption Method on Vacuum Arc Morphology and Electrode Surface Erosion

作　　者：艾杨 付思[1] 李争博[1] 曹云东[1] AI Yang;FU Si;LI Zhengbo;CAO Yundong(Key Laboratory of Special Machine and High Voltage Apparatus,Ministry of Education,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang 110870,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳工业大学特种电机与高压电器教育部重点实验室,沈阳110870

出　　处：《真空科学与技术学报》2024年第12期1098-1107,共10页Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51977132);辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(LJKMZ20220513)。

摘　　要：真空开关中电弧形态是影响电极表面烧蚀情况的主要因素之一。聚集型电弧对电极表面作用的能量较为集中,扩散型电弧能量较为分散,不同电弧形态导致的电极表面烧蚀程度有所不同,而电极表面的烧蚀情况是关乎开关电器寿命的重要指标。文章基于可拆卸真空灭弧实验平台,在工频交流200 A等级下对无氧铜平板触头分别进行直拉开断实验与旋转开断实验,同时对电极烧蚀进行仿真分析,实验与仿真结果表明:在交流小电流下,旋转开断方式有利于电弧提前达到分散形态,减少了电弧向电极表面中心作用的时间,从而减少了电极烧蚀质量损失,并且随着电极旋转角度的增加,烧蚀质量损失越小。In vacuum circuit breakers,the arc morphology is a major factor influencing electrode surface erosion.Concentrated arcs impart energy more intensely on the electrode surface,whereas diffuse arcs distribute energy more broadly.Different arc morphologies result in varying degrees of electrode surface erosion,a critical indicator of switchgear lifespan.This study,conducted on a detachable vacuum arc extinguishing experimental platform,involves direct pull interruption and rotational interruption experiments on oxygen-free copper flat contacts under 200 A AC.Additionally,cathode erosion simulations were performed on the moving contact.Experimental and simulation results demonstrate that,under low AC currents,rotational interruption facilitates an earlier transition of the arc to a diffuse form,thereby reducing the duration of its impact on the center of the electrode surface.Consequently,this minimizes electrode mass loss due to erosion,with the erosion mass loss decreasing as the electrode rotation angle increases.

关 键 词：真空电弧 电弧形态 烧蚀 旋转开断 

分 类 号：TM561.2[电气工程—电器]