滇西南柚木中龄林平衡施肥效应研究  

Study on Balanced Fertilization Effect of Middle-Aged Teak Forest in Southwestern Yunnan Province

作　　者：吴俊多 谌红辉[1] 庞靖云 薛光宇 劳庆祥[1] 杨保国[1] 周炳江 谢先金 赵宏鹏 付志高 李运兴[1] 李莲芳 WU Junduo;CHEN Honghui;PANG Jingyun;XUE Guangyu;LAO Qingxiang;YANG Baoguo;ZHOU Bingjiang;XIE Xianjin;ZHAO Hongpeng;FU Zhigao;LI Yunxing;LI Lianfang(Experimental centre of tropical forestry,Chinese academy of forestry,Pingxiang 532600,Guangxi,China;Southwest forestry university,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China;Guangxi Qinlian State Forest Farm,Qinzhou 535424,Guangxi,China;Institute of tropical forestry,Chinese academy of forestry,Guangzhou 510520,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心,广西凭祥532600 [2]西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明650224 [3]广西国有钦廉林场,广西钦州535424 [4]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广东广州510520

出　　处：《浙江林业科技》2024年第6期21-29,共9页Journal of Zhejiang Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：国家“十三五”重点研发计划(2016YFD0600602-2);中国林业科学研究院凭祥国家西南桦、柚木良种基地补贴项目;红锥优良家系生长、形质和材质性状变异及其稳适性研究(2023GXNSFAA026497)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同肥料种类和施用量对柚木Tectona grandis中龄林生长的影响。【方法】以33 a生柚木人工林为研究对象,采用U*_(12)(12^(10))均匀试验设计,以有机肥、复合肥、硼砂、硫酸锌、硫酸镁和石灰开展混施试验,根据施肥2 a后的试验结果,采用有机肥、复合肥、硫酸镁和缓释肥对其中第1次施肥试验6个重复中的3个重复进行第2次施肥,连续观测4 a。【结果】(1)施肥4年后,处理组合的林木胸径和材积总增长率分别为3.4%~6.7%和6.9%~16.0%,对照则分别为3.8%和7.7%,胸径和材积增长率最高的处理组合分别较对照提高89.6%和88.0%,但各处理间差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)施肥1次后的第1年,硫酸镁和复合肥对柚木胸径生长具有极显著影响(P<0.01),增加有机肥的施用量提高了林木胸径生长,不同硼砂和硫酸锌施用量对林木胸径生长影响较小,施石灰抑制了林木生长;施肥第2年,仅施硫酸镁可显著促进林木胸径生长(P<0.05)。施肥2次,不同肥料均对胸径生长无显著的影响(P>0.05)。(3)施1次和2次肥后当年的胸径生长量均高于次年,肥效随时间降低,施肥2次略优于施1次,但不明显。(4)效益分析结果表明,适宜的处理组合投入产出比达1∶3.5,施肥2次降低效益。【结论】柚木中龄林施肥可促进林木生长,最优处理组合为每10 cm胸径施有机肥2 kg,复合肥0.25 kg,硼砂5 g,硫酸锌10 g和硫酸镁5 g。【Objective】This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different fertilizer types and application rates on the growth of middle-aged teak(Tectona grandis)forests.【Method】A 33-year-old teak plantation was selected for the study,and a mixed fertilizer application experiment was conducted using the U_(12)(12^(10))uniform experimental design.Fertilizers tested included organic fertilizer,compound fertilizer,borax,zinc sulfate,magnesium sulfate,and lime.Based on the results after two years of fertilization,organic fertilizer,compound fertilizer,magnesium sulfate,and slow-release fertilizer were applied again to three replicates for a second round of fertilization.Growth data were observed continuously for four years.【Result】1.After four years,the growth rates of diameter at breast height(DBH)and volume in the treatment groups ranged from 3.4%to 6.7% and 6.9% to 16.0%,respectively,compared to 3.8% and 7.7% in the control group.The highest treatment growth rates for DBH and volume were 89.6% and 88.0% greater than those of the control,but differences among treatments were not statistically significant(P>0.05).2.In the first year after the initial fertilization,magnesium sulfate and compound fertilizer significantly promoted DBH growth(P<0.01).Increasing organic fertilizer application also enhanced DBH growth,while variations in borax and zinc sulfate application rates had minimal effects.Lime application inhibited growth.In the second year,only magnesium sulfate significantly improved DBH growth(P<0.05).During the second fertilization round,none of the treatments showed significant effects on DBH growth(P>0.05).3.Fertilization in the first year generally resulted in greater DBH growth compared to subsequent years,with the effect diminishing over time.Single applications outperformed double applications in the first year,but over the entire study period,double applications produced slightly better results.4.Cost-benefit analysis indicated that appropriate fertilization treatments achieved a benefit ratio of 1

关 键 词：柚木 中龄林 施肥 大径材 效益分析 

分 类 号：S796[农业科学—林木遗传育种]