浅谈油田余热利用过程中采出水直进热泵机组技术  

A Brief Discussion on Direct-Fed Heat Pump Technology for Produced Water in the Process of Oilfield Waste Heat Utilization

作　　者：刘琴 李庆 冷冬梅 肖林 张伟文[3] LIU Qin;LI Qing;LENG Dongmei;XIAO Lin;ZHANG Weiwen(Daqing Oilfield Design Institute Co.,Ltd.;State Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Oil;No.3 Oil Production Plant of Daqing Oilfield Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]大庆油田设计院有限公司,黑龙江省大庆市163712 [2]多资源协同陆相页岩油绿色开采全国重点实验室 [3]大庆油田有限责任公司第三采油厂

出　　处：《油气田地面工程》2024年第12期9-15,共7页Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering

摘　　要：应用热泵技术可有效回收油田采出水中的热能,采出水直进热泵省去了中间换热系统,简化工艺、提高热泵机组能效是采出水余热利用技术中一项重要的节约投资、节能降耗的新工艺。在以往应用过程中,由于换热介质差,采出水直接进热泵技术不成熟,以及管理不完善等原因,导致热泵腐蚀结垢严重,供热效果差,无法满足现场用热需求。因此,开展了含油污水直进热泵技术专项研究:改进热泵机械性能,采用双蒸发器增大换热面积,采用管型换热管减少热泵换热管内挂壁淤积,采用双压缩机多级压缩技术,使设备在20%~100%较大负荷范围内均可实现高效运行;通过开展胶球在线清洗、药剂清洗、人工清洗等试验确定了不同保驾措施的清洗方式、强度、清洗周期及适用条件,复杂介质条件下热泵机组能效COP达到3.4~4.85,热泵机组清淤除垢周期延长到一年以上。该技术在4个示范工程中进行了应用,在油田深度污水和含聚污水条件下实现了污水直进热泵高效取热,获得了较好的节能和社会效益,为余热利用规划设计提供了依据,也为该技术进一步大规模推广应用提供了技术支持。The application of heat pump technology can effectively recover the heat energy of the produced water in the oilfield,and the produced water directly into the heat pump eliminates the intermediate heat exchange system,simplifies the process,and improves the energy efficiency of the heat pump unit.It is an important new process in the produced water waste heat utilization technology,which saves investment,energy,and reduces consumption.In the past application process,due to the poor heat exchange medium,immature technology of produced water directly into the heat pump,imperfect management and other reasons,the heat pump corrosion scale was serious,the heating effect was poor,which could not meet the on-site heating demand.Therefore,a special study on oilbearing sewage directly into the heat pump technology is carried out to improve the mechanical performance of the heat pump.The double evaporator is used to increase the heat exchange area,the tube type heat exchange tube is used to reduce the inner wall deposition of the heat pump heat exchange tube,and the multi-stage compression technology of the double compressor is used to achieve efficient operation within a large load range of 20% to 100%.Through carrying out rubber ball online cleaning,chemical cleaning,manual cleaning and other tests to determine the cleaning method,intensity,cleaning cycle,and applicable conditions of different safeguard measures.Under complex medium conditions,the energy efficiency COP of the heat pump unit reaches 3.4%~4.85%,and the desilting and descaling cycle of the heat pump unit is extended to more than one year.The technology has been applied in four demonstration projects,and achieved high efficiency heat extraction by direct injection of sewage into heat pump under the condition of deep sewage and polymer-containing sewage,obtained better energy saving and social benefits,provided a basis for the planning and design of waste heat utilization,and also provided technical support for further large-scale promotion and application of

关 键 词：油田采出水 余热利用 直进热泵 在线清洗 节能 

分 类 号：X741[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TK115[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]