基于磨料水射流车载动力锂电池切割的试验研究  

Study on abrasive waterjet cutting of vehicle power lithium batteries

作　　者：李敬彬[1] 李文彬 李帅霖 李根生[1] 黄中伟[1] 李欢[1] 周博文 LI Jingbin;LI Wenbin;LI Shuailin;LI Gensheng;HUANG Zhongwei;LI Huan;ZHOU Bowen(State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China)

机构地区：[1]油气资源与工程全国重点试验室中国石油大学(北京),北京102249

出　　处：《流体机械》2024年第12期2-7,30,共7页Fluid Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体项目(52421002);国家自然科学基金项目(52442404)。

摘　　要：针对传统电池分解方式存在危险系数高、耗费时间长和环境污染等问题,提出将磨料水射流切割技术应用于车载动力锂电池分解的方案。开展了磨料水射流切割磷酸铁锂电池的可行性研究试验,探究了磨料水射流切割不同电池位置的切割速率,以及电池被切割前后的电压变化情况;分析了切割电池产生的物料损失及污染物。试验结果表明,磨料水射流可在带压条件下,安全高效地切穿电池外壳、连接件、电芯、正负极片、隔膜等电池组件;针对电池不同位置,其切割速率介于4~16 mm/min之间;磷酸铁锂电池的电芯被切割时,电解液流出并与水反应,产生少量腐蚀性液体;切割后,电芯平均电压下降,但不影响电芯的梯级利用与稀有金属材料回收。研究论证了该切割技术切割锂电池的可行性,同时为潜在的电池拆解方式提供可选方案,并为推动改进动力电池回收和再资源化的循环利用体系提供理论指导。To address the issues of high risk,long processing time,and environmental pollution associated with traditional battery decomposition methods,it was proposed to apply abrasive waterjet cutting to disassembly of vehicle power lithium batteries.Experimental research for feasibility was conducted on cutting lithium iron phosphate batteries with abrasive waterjet to explore the cutting speed at different battery locations,and the voltage change of the battery before and after abrasive waterjet cutting;Material loss and pollutants generated during cutting were analyzed.The experiments show that the abrasive waterjet can safely and efficiently cut through the battery casing,connectors,cells,positive and negative electrode materials,and separators under pressure;The cutting speed varies between 4 and 16 mm/min depending on the position of the battery;When the lithium iron phosphate battery cells are cut,electrolyte flows out,which can react with water to produce a small amount of corrosive liquid;After waterjet cutting,the voltage of single cells decreases,but it does not affect the cascade utilization of cells and the recovery of rare metals.This study demonstrates the feasibility of abrasive waterjet cutting for lithium batteries,provides alternative solutions for potential battery disassembly methods,and offers theoretical guidance for promoting and improving the recycling and circular utilization system of power batteries.

关 键 词：磨料水射流 锂电池 回收 新能源 切割 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG664[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床] TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]