寒地城市河岸带冬季留鸟群落与多尺度景观格局的关系  

Relationship between Winter Resident Bird Community and Multi-scale Landscape Patterns in Cold Urban Riparian Zone

作　　者：董玉宽 吴承润 王秋实 梁志鹏 DONG Yukuan;WU Chengrun;WANG Qiushi;LIANG Zhipeng(School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang,China,110168;Key Lab of City Information and Spatial Perception,Shenyang,China,110168;Key Think Tank on Rural Construction Development Model and Green Livability Technology,Shenyang,China,110168)

机构地区：[1]沈阳建筑大学建筑与规划学院,辽宁沈阳110168 [2]辽宁省城市信息与空间感知重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110168 [3]辽宁省乡村建设发展模式与绿色宜居技术重点智库,辽宁沈阳110168

出　　处：《沈阳建筑大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第6期1079-1088,共10页Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University：Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52178405);辽宁省科技厅重点研发计划项目(1724037492850)。

摘　　要：目的解决城市化进程带来的城市景观格局变化与城市生物多样性之间的矛盾,为寒地城市冬季鸟类栖息地优化设计和营建提供参考。方法通过实地调查获取沈阳市浑河河岸带冬季留鸟群落数据,利用地理信息分析方法获取河岸带50 m、100 m、200 m三个尺度缓冲区的景观格局数据,采用斯皮尔曼相关性分析法和冗余分析法研究留鸟多样性与景观格局之间的影响关系。结果浑河河岸带南岸冬季留鸟的丰富度与多样性高于北岸,但多度低于北岸;多度从上游至下游显著增加;在三个不同尺度的缓冲区中,100 m缓冲区内的景观格局指数对留鸟多样性的影响最为显著;在50 m和100 m缓冲区内,灌丛斑块密度和草地斑块密度与丰富度和多度呈显著正相关;在200 m缓冲区内,水域景观面积比例与香农多样性呈显著负相关。结论景观格局对留鸟多样性的影响具有尺度效应,100 m缓冲区影响最显著;景观空间异质性的提高能够有效提升留鸟多样性;季节变化也间接影响了留鸟多样性水平。建议在优化设计鸟类栖息地时应重点识别关键尺度下的环境要素,提高景观的空间异质性,并考虑季节变化对鸟类获取生存资源的影响,从而制定有效的鸟类多样性保护策略。This study aimed to address the conflict between urban landscape pattern changes and urban biodiversity during urbanization and provide reference suggestions for the construction and enhancement of winter bird habitats in cold cities.Field surveys were conducted to obtain data on winter resident bird communities along the Hun River riparian zone in Shenyang.Geographic information analysis techniques were employed to acquire landscape pattern data for three scaled buffer zones of 50 m,100 m,and 200 m along the riparian zone.Spearman′s correlation analysis and redundancy analysis were utilized to examine the relationship between resident bird diversity and landscape patterns.Results showed that among the three buffer zones,the landscape pattern indices within the 100 m buffer zone had the most significant impact on resident bird diversity.Within the 50 m and 100 m buffer zones,shrub and grassland patch densities were significantly positively correlated with bird richness and abundance.In the 200m buffer zone,the proportion of water landscape area was significantly negatively correlated with Shannon diversity.The impact of landscape patterns on resident bird diversity exhibited a scale effect,with the 100 m buffer zone showing the most significant impact.Increased landscape heterogeneity effectively enhanced resident bird diversity,and seasonal changes also indirectly affected bird diversity levels.It is recommended to identify key scale environmental factors,enhance landscape heterogeneity,and consider the impact of seasons on bird resource acquisition when designing and enhancing winter riverbank habitats for resident birds,in order to formulate effective measures.

关 键 词：城市河岸带 鸟类多样性 多尺度景观格局 寒地城市 

分 类 号：TU985.12[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] Q-9[生物学]