基于混合单元建模的大型中空薄壁铝合金焊接仿真分析  

Simulation Analysis of Welding of Large-Scale Hollow Thin-Walled Aluminum Alloy Based on Hybrid Element Modeling

作　　者：张生芳[1] 张宇[1] 马嘉恒 马付建[1] 沙智华[1] ZHANG Shengfang;ZHANG Yu;MA Jiaheng;MA Fujian;SHA Zhihua(School of Mechanical Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China)

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学机械工程学院,辽宁大连116028

出　　处：《大连交通大学学报》2024年第6期19-25,共7页Journal of Dalian Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52075066);辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目(2023JH2/101300246);大连市科技创新基金项目(2021JJ2GX009)。

摘　　要：为解决大型结构件焊接仿真时实体单元模型计算效率较低及壳体单元模型计算精度较差的问题,采用混合单元建立有限元模型,分析并确定实体与壳体单元的选定边界,利用混合单元建模方法构建大型中空薄壁铝合金结构件焊接仿真模型,将结果与实体单元模型仿真结果进行对比,分析适用于大型中空薄壁铝合金焊接结构件的混合单元连接方式。结果表明,板壳单元与实体单元的划分位置在垂直于焊接线方向18 mm处,采用绑定的连接方式构建混合预测模型所获得的温度与变形预测最为准确,预测误差分别为1.1%、8.6%;采用壳-实体耦合连接方式构建混合预测模型所获得的残余应力预测最为准确,预测误差为0.25%。实体单元模型的计算耗时约为混合单元模型的1.7倍。采用壳-实体耦合连接方式所提升的效率最高,相比纯实体单元的计算效率提升约41.6%。To address the issues of the low computational efficiency of solid element models and poor computational accuracy of shell element models in welding simulation of large structural components, the hybrid elements were used to establish a finite element model, the selected boundary between the solid and shell elements was analyzed and determined. The hybrid element modeling method was used to weld and imitate large hollow thin-walled aluminum alloy structural parts. The results were compared and analyzed with the simulation results of the solid element model, and the hybrid element modeling method was used to build the welding simulation model of the large hollow thin-walled structural parts. The results show that the division position of the plate shell and solid elements is 18 mm perpendicular to the direction of the welding line. Besides, the temperature and deformation prediction obtained by the hybrid prediction model based on the binding connection method is the most accurate, and the prediction errors are 1.1% and 8.6%, respectively. Furthermore, the residual stress prediction obtained by the hybrid prediction model based on the coupling connection method of shell and solid is the most accurate with a prediction error of 0.25%. Compared with the pure solid element model, the computation of the solid element model is about 1.7 times that of the hybrid element model, and the efficiency improved by using the shell solid coupling connection is the highest, which can improve the calculation efficiency by about 41.6%, compared with the pure solid element.

关 键 词：大型中空薄壁结构件 混合单元建模 焊接变形 计算效率 

分 类 号：TG457.14[金属学及工艺—焊接]