生态危机的哲学根源与生态文明的政治哲学维度构建  

The Philosophical Roots of the Ecological Crisis and the Construction of a Political-Philosophical Dimension of Ecological Civilization

作　　者：肖克[1] 李溪泽 XIAO Ke;LI Xi-ze(School of Politics and Law,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130117,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学政法学院,吉林长春130117

出　　处：《东北师大学报（哲学社会科学版）》2025年第1期143-153,共11页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(20BZZ096)。

摘　　要：生态危机的哲学根源来自西方二元主义所导致的对立与异化。二元主义由本体论扩展到认识论,再到政治哲学,在政治关系的两个维度上展现对立:权利绝对优先于权力,导致作为权利主体的人类与作为权力工具的自然万物的对立;权力支配度的不同,导致生态资源在人群中分配极度不均。资本主义政治哲学试图在两个层面维护二元对立,结果加剧生态危机:一方面,主流政治哲学竭力维护异化的合理性;另一方面,改变社会偏好,异化转移,将生产的异化转变为需求的异化。很多人认识到生态危机的这一根源,力求调节和缓和人与自然的二元对立,办法就是弱化人在人与自然关系中的主导地位。近年来,沿这一路径从政治哲学角度探讨生态危机的理论主要有三类,即生态保守主义、生态激进主义和生态国家主义,这些理论并未根本解决二元对立哲学的弊端。只有生态马克思主义既通过对资本主义生产方式的批判而克服了人与自然的对立,又通过对“类解放”目标的坚守而确保了人与自然关系中人类主体地位,将权利与义务统一。生态马克思主义真正提出生态文明得以建立的根本途径:生产领域,停止过度生产;需求领域,遏制无度消费;分配领域,调节生态资源的代内与代际分配;伦理领域,由群体本位走向类本位;制度领域,坚持以社会主义制度为基础建立生态保护和治理机制。The philosophical roots of the ecological crisis come from the antagonism and alienation caused by Western dualism.Dualism extends from ontology to epistemology and then to political philosophy,displaying antagonisms in two dimensions of political relations:the absolute priority of rights over power leads to the antagonism between human beings as the subjects of rights and all things in nature as the tools of power;and the difference in the degree of domination of power leads to the extremely unequal distribution of ecological resources among the population.Capitalist political philosophy tries to maintain the dichotomy at two levels,which results in exacerbating the ecological crisis:on the one hand,the mainstream political philosophy tries its best to maintain the rationality of alienation;on the other hand,it changes the social preference,alienation transfer,and transforms the alienation of production into the alienation of demand.Recognizing this root cause of the ecological crisis,many have sought to regulate and mitigate the dichotomy between human beings and nature by weakening the dominant position of human beings in the relationship between human beings and nature.Along this path in recent years from the perspective of political philosophy to explore the ecological crisis of the theory of the three main categories:ecological conservatism,ecological radicalism and ecological nationalism,these theories did not fundamentally solve the drawbacks of the dualistic philosophy.Only eco-Marxism not only through the criticism of the capitalist mode of production to overcome the confrontation between man and nature;and through the“class liberation”goal to ensure that the human subject position in the relationship between man and nature,will be the unity of rights and obligations.Eco-Marxism truly puts forward the fundamental ways in which an ecological civilization can be established:in the area of production,to stop overproduction;in the area of demand,to curb excessive consumption;in the area of distribution,

关 键 词：生态文明 生态危机 生态马克思主义 政治哲学 

分 类 号：D64[政治法律—政治学] X2[政治法律—中外政治制度]