EB病毒与相关疾病的流行病学研究  

Epidemiological studies of Epstein-Barr virus and associated diseases

作　　者：曹素梅[1] 季明芳[2] 何永巧 贾卫华[1] CAO SuMei;JI MingFang;HE YongQiao;JIA WeiHua(State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy,Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center,Guangzhou 510060,China;Cancer Research Institute of Zhongshan City,Zhongshan City People's Hospital,Zhongshan 528403,China)

机构地区：[1]华南恶性肿瘤防治全国重点实验室,广东省鼻咽癌诊治研究重点实验室,广东省恶性肿瘤临床医学研究中心,中山大学肿瘤防治中心,广州510060 [2]中山市人民医院,中山市肿瘤研究所,中山528403

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2024年第12期2224-2244,共21页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家科技重大专项四大慢病重点专项(批准号:2323ZD050100);国家自然科学基金(批准号:82473703和82373656)资助。

摘　　要：EB病毒(Epstein-Barr virus,EBV)是一种全球各人种普遍感染且终生携带的一类γ疱疹病毒.一般情况不引发疾病,但越来越多证据表明,其感染与多种严重疾病密切相关.了解EBV感染的流行病学特征对于预防和治疗EBV相关疾病至关重要.本文对EBV的自然感染史及其特征进行综述,包括感染途径、潜伏状态和裂解复制过程;进一步分析影响EBV感染的环境和遗传因素;此外,本文还对EBV相关疾病的流行病学特征进行概述,包括传染性单核细胞增多症、多发性硬化症、系统性红斑狼疮,以及恶性肿瘤如淋巴瘤、鼻咽癌、胃癌等,特别强调HLA等免疫相关遗传基因在病毒致癌中的关键作用.基于EBV血清学、游离核酸及甲基化等新型标志物,探讨这些标志物在疾病诊断中的重要作用.本文旨在为深入理解EBV相关疾病的病因、发病机制和预防措施提供详实的流行病学依据.Epstein-Barr virus(EBV),a member of theγ-herpes virus family,is commonly found in almost all humans worldwide and establishes a lifelong infection.Although most individuals remain asymptomatic after infection,mounting evidence suggests a significant association between EBV and various serious diseases.This review provides a comprehensive examination of the natural history and characteristics of EBV infection,including its transmission routes,latent phases,and lytic replication processes.Additionally,we summarize the effects of environmental and genetic factors on EBV infection and EBV-associated diseases,including autoimmune conditions such as infectious mononucleosis,multiple sclerosis,and systemic lupus erythematosus,as well as malignancies like lymphoma,nasopharyngeal carcinoma,and gastric cancer.We particularly emphasize the crucial role of immune-related genetic factors,such as HLA genes,in the carcinogenicity of the virus.Furthermore,we discuss the crucial role of emerging biomarkers,including EBV serologic markers(such as VCA-IgA,EBNA1-IgA,BNLF2b)and cell-free nucleic acids(such as EBV DNA load and EBV DNA methylation),in clinical applications.Understanding the epidemiological characteristics of EBV infection is important for the prevention and management of EBV-associated diseases.In conclusion,this review provides robust epidemiological evidence to deepen the understanding of the etiology,pathogenesis,prevention and management strategies related to EBV-associated diseases.

关 键 词：EBV感染 EBV相关疾病 流行病学 

分 类 号：R511[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]