聚氨酯废物处置和利用技术研究进展  

Research progress on polyurethane waste disposal and recycling technology

作　　者：杨方雄 谭全银[3] 朱卫平 梁媛[1] 任慧清 吕溥 YANG Fangxiong;TAN Quanyin;ZHU Weiping;LIANG Yuan;REN Huiqing;LYU Pu(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou 215000,China;Research Institute for Environmental Innovation(Suzhou)Tsinghua,Suzhou 215000,China;School of Environment,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Qinghai Province solid waste pollution control center,Xining 810000,China;Suzhou Qingzi Waste Environmental Protection and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou 215000,China;Joint Research Program for Ecological Conservation and High Quality Development of the Yellow River Basin,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学环境科学与工程学院,苏州215000 [2]清华苏州环境创新研究院,苏州215000 [3]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [4]青海省固体废物污染中心,西宁810000 [5]苏州清咨威特环保科技有限公司,苏州215000 [6]国家黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究中心,北京100012

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2024年第10期2655-2663,共9页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2023-HZ-22);清华大学-丰田研究中心:“城市减污降碳协同增效关键技术及示范”课题(20223930042);“黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展联合研究项目”资助(2022-YRUC-01-0301)。

摘　　要：聚氨酯是世界上五大常用聚合物之一,2021年全球产量为2472×10^(4)t,聚氨酯寿命结束后的处理成为亟需关注的固废处理问题。焚烧、填埋和回收利用是处理聚氨酯废物常见的方法。填埋法的局限性在于占用大量土地空间,且聚氨酯难自然降解,虽然可通过人工添加微生物进行生物降解,提高聚氨酯废物的降解速度,但处理成本高,工程实现难度大。部分焚烧法可回收热能,但聚氨酯废物不完全燃烧会造成二次污染,通过在工业窑炉中掺烧聚氨酯废物可以协同利用原有设施处理烟气的二次污染,节约烟气处理成本。物理回收法能对聚氨酯废物进行全量化利用,但再生产品性能相对较差。化学回收法的产物为多元醇或其他低聚物等原料单体,但处理成本相对高,产物分离提纯难,工业化应用有待推进;本文对多种化学回收处理方式的优缺点进行了总结,对其未来工业化的发展方向进行了展望。Polyurethane(PU),a widely used polymer with global production reaching 24.72 million tons in 2021,poses an increasing waste management challenge as its lifecycle concludes.The limitations of landfilling include the substantial land space required and the difficulty of the natural degradation of PU.Although the degradation of PU waste can be accelerated by introducing microorganisms,it is associated with high processing costs and significant implementation challenges.Incineration,used for thermal energy recovery,carries risks of secondary pollutants due to incomplete combustion.By co-incinerating PU waste in industrial kilns,the existing facilities can treat the secondary pollution of flue gas synergistically,thereby reducing the cost of flue gas treatment.Physical recycling enables full utilization but yields recycled products with compromised performance.Chemical recycling produces raw material monomers,such as polyols or other oligomers;however,it involves relatively high processing costs,challenging product separation and purification,and requires further advancement for industrial application.This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of various chemical recycling methods and discusses the future directions for their industrial development.

关 键 词：聚氨酯 焚烧 生物降解 物理回收 化学回收 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]