基于LCA方法的光伏产品碳足迹量化评价与低碳设计  

Carbon footprint evaluation and low carbon design of China’s photovoltaic products based on LCA methodology

作　　者：刘含笑 朱前林[5] 林青阳[6] 周烨 朱海舰 刘小伟 刘美玲[1] 孙立 LIU Hanxiao;ZHU Qianlin;LIN Qingyang;ZHOU Ye;ZHU Haijian;LIU Xiaowei;LIU Meiling;SUN Li(Feida Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shaoxing 311800,China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China;North China Electric Power University,Beijing 102206,China;Zhejiang Environmental Protection Group Eco-Environmental Research Institute,Hangzhou 310030,China;China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221008,China;Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310000,China;Shanghai E-Carbon Digital Technology Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201308,China;China Energy Engineering Group Shanxi Electric Power Engineering Company Limited,Taiyuan 030000,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江菲达环保科技股份有限公司,绍兴311800 [2]华中科技大学煤燃烧国家重点实验室,武汉430074 [3]华北电力大学,北京102206 [4]浙江省环保集团生态环保研究院有限公司,杭州310030 [5]中国矿业大学,徐州221008 [6]浙江大学,杭州310000 [7]上海易碳数字科技有限公司,上海201308 [8]中国能源建设集团山西省电力勘测设计院有限公司,太原030000

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2024年第10期2972-2981,共10页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：浙江省“尖兵”计划项目(2022C03030);国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3701501)。

摘　　要：电力行业作为我国最大的碳排放源,承受着巨大的减排挑战。由于光伏技术对我国电力行业实现零碳转型至关重要,针对光伏产品开展直观、全面的命周期温室气体排放量评价具有重要的意义。介绍了光伏产品碳足迹评价的标准、发展过程以及评价体系和方法,比较了基于投入产出法、生命周期法和IPCC清单法的优缺点与适用性,详细分析了LCA方法在我国光伏产品碳足迹评价的应用流程和计算方法。研究依据原材料供给、能源输入输出、运输、建设、安装、调试、运营维护等主要研究边界,将系统边界划分为上游、核心和下游3个环节,并解释了下游是否纳入碳评价的情景。综述了产品类型、用能结构、工艺流程、减排技术等因素对光伏产品碳足迹评价的影响;分析了当前光伏产品碳足迹评价在方法论、成本、技术、政策等方面面临的挑战;讨论了光伏与其他新能源在技术、经济、环境效益的比较分析。结果发现,上游光伏组件制备过程资源需求种类多、碳排放量占总量的80%以上。基于潜在问题,阐述了未来针对光伏产业进行基于低碳设计的绿色转型发展方向与建议,以清洁能源的开发利用为典型的能源转型是实现各国碳中和与可持续发展目标的必要手段。The power sector,as the largest source of carbon emissions in China,faces significant challenges in emission reduction.Since photovoltaic(PV)technology play a crucial role in facilitating China's power sector to achieve net-zero transition,it is of great significance to conduct a comprehensive and intuitive life cycle assessment(LCA)of the greenhouse gas emissions of photovoltaic products.Introduces the standards,development process,assessment framework and methods of carbon footprint assessment for PV products.The advantages,disadvantages,and applicability of input-output analysis,life cycle assessment,and IPCC inventory analysis methods were compared.Carefully examines the application procedure and computational techniques employed in utilizing the LCA method for assessing the carbon footprint of PV products in China.The research based on the main study boundaries of raw material supply,energy input and output,transport,construction,installation,commissioning,operation and maintenance,the system boundary was delineated into upstream,core,and downstream stages,elucidating scenarios for including downstream processes in carbon assessment.The product types,structure of the energy use,process workflows,emission reduction technologies were carefully reviewed.This was followed by outlining the challenges in carbon footprint assessment for PV products,including methodologies,costs,technologies,and policies.In addition,a comparative analysis was conducted among PV and other renewable energy sources in terms of technological,economic,and environmental benefits.Find that the resource demands in the upstream PV module preparation process are diverse,with carbon emissions accounting for over 80%of the total.Finally,concludes future directions and recommendations for green transformation and development of the PV industry through low-carbon design.It emphasized that the development and utilization of clean energy,typified by PV,were indispensable to fulfill carbon neutrality and sustainable development goals globally.

关 键 词：光伏 碳足迹 生命周期评价 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]