印度尼西亚矿产资源勘查开发与合作前景分析  

Analysis on exploration and development of mineral resources and cooperation prospect in Indonesia

作　　者：张潮[1] 王靓靓[1] 赵东杰 于瑞 张伟波[1] 黄霞 陈喜峰[1] 梅燕雄[2] ZHANG Chao;WANG Liangliang;ZHAO Dongjie;YU Rui;ZHANG Weibo;HUANG Xia;CHEN Xifeng;MEI Yanxiong(Development and Research Center,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100037,China;Institute of Mineral Resources,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京100037 [2]中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《矿产勘查》2024年第11期2157-2166,共10页Mineral Exploration

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目“矿业转型发展综合评价与服务”(DD20243545);“全国海陆矿产资源图件编制更新”(DD20221696)联合资助。

摘　　要：本文在总结印度尼西亚镍、钴、铜、金、锡和铝土矿等矿产资源储量和分布的基础上,重点分析了其主要矿产10年来勘查开发趋势与2023年勘查开发特点,对比了新老矿业法律法规、矿业权管理、矿业税费的主要变化,述评了矿业政策频繁调整的目的、成效和争议,以期为未来中印(尼)双边矿业投资合作提供参考。研究表明:印度尼西亚镍、钴、铜、金、锡和铝土矿等矿产资源丰富,2014年以来勘查投入触底反弹并保持稳定,集中投向铜、金、镍等矿种,2023年大中型矿业公司勘查投入集中在矿山勘查、高级勘查和可研阶段;2014年以来煤炭、镍、钴、铜、金、锡、铝土矿等矿产开发活跃,镍、钴产量增长迅速,已分别位列全球第一位、第二位;矿业法律法规经多次修订完善后,对外资投资矿业的限制逐渐放开,矿业投资环境持续向好;通过矿业政策调整,印尼政府初步实现了延伸新能源矿产产业链和升级新能源电池全球价值链的目标。建议中资企业统筹矿业项目或冶炼加工设施的关系,积极融入“能源转型计划”、“端到端发展计划”,并及时关注矿业政策调整动向,维护自身合法权益。Based on the summary of the reserves and distribution of nickel,cobalt,copper,gold,tin and bauxite mineral resources in Indonesia,this paper analyzes the exploration and development trends of the important minerals over the past 10 years and the characteristics of exploration and development in 2023.The main changes between new and old mining laws and regulations,including mining rights management and mining taxes and fees,are compared.Simultaneously,the purpose,effectiveness and controversy of frequent adjustments to mining policies are reviewed.Finally,it provides suggestions for future mining investment cooperation.The research shows that Indonesia is rich in mineral resources such as nickel,cobalt,copper,gold,tin and bauxite.The exploration investment,with focus on copper,gold,nickel and other minerals,has rebounded in 2016 and remained stable over the past 5 years.In 2023,major and intermediate mining companies will focus their exploration investment on minesite and late stage&feasibility stages.Since 2014,the development of coal,nickel,cobalt,copper,gold,tin and bauxite has been active,and the output of nickel and cobalt has increased rapidly,ranking first and second in the world respectively.After several revisions and improvements of mining laws and regulations,restrictions on foreign investor in mining investment have gradually been opened up,and the investment environment in mining has continued to improve.Through the adjustment of mining policies,the Indonesian government has initially achieved the goal of extending the new energy mineral industry chain and upgrading the global value chain of new energy batteries.It suggest that Chinese enterprises should coordinate the relationship between mining projects and smelting&processing facilities,integrate into the"Just Energy Transition Partnership"and"end-to-end development plan",and pay timely attention to the adjustment trend of mining policies to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.

关 键 词：印度尼西亚 矿产资源 勘查开发 矿业政策 合作前景 

分 类 号：P597[天文地球—地球化学] P581[天文地球—地质学]